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EX LI5RIS
ROBERT GIBSON

TWO VOYAGES

NEW-ENGLAND

AK ACCOVJ^T

TWO VOYAGES

NETV-ENGLAND,

Made during the years 1638, 1663
By JOHN 7OSSELYN. Gent.

23 0 6 1 0 n

WILLIAM VEAZIE.

MDCCCLXV.

SHdo ?^untireli ann JJiftj Copies prfnteti, Small ®riiatto.

Rii'erside, Cambridge :
Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co.

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.

I HE work publiilied by Joffelyn in 1672, en-
titled "New England's Rarities difcov-
ered," which has been reprinted in a fim-
ilar form, and as a companion volume to
the prefent, contains a full and detailed account of the
family of the author, with many curious facts relating to
the perfonal hiftory of this early explorer of New Eng-
land ; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his
narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from
a paper among the Harleian MSS. in the Britifli Mu-
feum, the fubftance of which has been printed in the
" New England Hiftorical and Genealogical Regifter,"
and which is now kindly furniflied for publication by
Samuel G. Drake, Efq. The table now publiflied will
be found generally to confirm the information given in
the account of the family already publiflied.

The firft of the " Two Voyages " of Joffelyn, of which
he gives an account in the prefent work, was undertaken

vi PubliJJiers Preface.

in the year 1638, only eight years after the fettlement of
Bofton, and when, to ufe his own words, " it was rather a
village than a town, there being not above twenty or thirty
houfes;" while the fecond vifit of the author to New Eng-
land took place in 1663, after an abfence of twenty-five
years, and when the town had affumed the proportions of a
flourifhing feaport. On this occafion he appears to have
remained in New England for eight years, the principal
part of which was fpent on the plantation of his brother,
Henry Joffelyn, at Black Point

This work is the lateft of the author's produ6lions,
and was not given to the public until 1674. It was re-
printed by the Maffachufetts Hiftorical Society in 1833,
and may be found in the third volume of the third feries
of their coUedlions. Joffelyn's obfervations on the natural
hiftory of the country, his defcriptions of the various
plants and notices of their medicinal effed;s, are more full
and exa6l in the prefent work than in the " New Eng-
land's Rarities," printed two years earlier, and muft be
confidered as among the mofl valuable of thofe given by
the early botanifis of New England.

The political and theological opinions of Joffelyn were
not in accordance with thofe generally received in the
Colonies, particularly in the later years of his life. On
this fubjecfl. Prof. Tuckerman, in his Introdu(5lion to the
work lafl mentioned, remarks that, "In the account of his
firfl voyage, there is no appearance of that diflike to the

Maffachufetts

Publifliers Preface. vii

Maffachufetts government and people which is obfervable
in the narrative of the fecond ; and may there not unfairly
be conne6led with his brother's political and religious
differences with Maffachufetts." There is fufficient evi-
dence in this work to fhow that the fympathies of the
author were enlifted in the royal caufe, and there appears
to be little ground for admitting his fuppofed complicity
in the fruitlefs infurredlion in the north of England in
1663, or his identity with the " Capt. John Joffline " men-
tioned by the late Rev. Jofeph Hunter in his account of
the family.

The chronological table appended to his " New-Eng-
land's Rarities " is greatly enlarged in the prefent work,
and continued to the year 1674.

In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care
has been taken to make it a literal and exaH: copy of the
original, the proofs having been carefully collated with a
copy of the work belonging to the Library of Harvard
College.

Boston, June 15, 1865.

ACCOUNT

OF TWO

VOYAGES

NEW. ENGLAND.

Wherein you have the fetting out of a Ship, With the
charges ; The prices of all neceffaries for furnifliing a
Planter & his Family at his firft coming ; A Defcrip-
tion of the Country, Natives and Creatures ; The Gov-
ernment of the Countrey as it is now poffeffed by the
Engli/Ji, &:c. A large Chronological Table of the moft
remarkable paffages from the firfl difcovering of the
Continent oi America, to the year 1673.

By John Joffelyn Gent.
The Second Addition.

Memner. diftich rendred Englifti by Dr. Heylin.
Hearty take thine eafe^
Men hard to pleafe

Thou haply might'Ji offend^
Though one /peak ill
Of thee, fome will
Say better ; there's an end.

London Printed for G, TViddowes at the Green Dragon in St.
Pauls Church-yard, 1675.

LICEJrSED
BY

Roger L'eftrange,

Novemb. the
28. 1673.

TO THE

RIGHT HONOURABLE,

AND

MOST ILLUSTRIOUS
THE

Prefident & Fellows

OF THE

Royal Society:

The following Account of Two

VOYAGES

New-England,

Is Moft Humbly prefented
By the Authour

yolm yojfelyn.

RELATION

OF TWO

VOYAGES

New-England.

The first Voyage,

\NNO Dom. 1638. April i)\Q 26th being Thurf-
day, I came to Grave/end and went aboard the
New Supply, alias, the Nicholas of Londoit, a
Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, carrying 20 Sa-
cre and Minion, man'd with 48 Sailers, the Mafter Robert
Taylor, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. Edward Tinge,
with 164 Paffengers men, women and children.

[p. 2.] At Grave/end I began my Journal, from
whence we departed on the 26. of April, about Six of
the clock at night, and went down into the Hope.

The 27. being Fry day, we fet fail out of the Hope, and
about Nine of the clock at nischt we came to an Anchor
in Margaret-^02,6. in three fathom and a half water : by
the way we paft a States man of war, of 500 Tun, cafl

away

.6 Jojfelyns Account of

away a month before upon the Goodwin, nothing re-
maining vifible above water but her main maft top, 1 6 of
her men were drowned, the refl faved by Fifliermen.

The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain
Clark one of His Majeflies Captains in the Navy, came
aboard of us in the afternoon, and preft two of our
Trumpeters. Here we had good flore of Flounders from
the Fifliermen, new taken out of the Sea and living,
which being readily gutted, were fry'd while they were
warm ; me thoughts I never tafled of a delicater Fifh in
all my life before.

The Third of May being Afce7iJio7i day, in the afternoon
we weighed out of the Downs, the wind at E. and ran
down into Dover Road, and lay by the lee, whilfl they
fent the Skiffe afhore for one of the Maflers mates : by the
way we paft Sandwich in the [p. 3.] Hope, Sandown-Cajlie,
Deal ; So we fleered away for DonieJ/e, from thence we
fteered ^9. W. J 6". for the Beachie, about one of the clock
at night the wind took us a ftayes with a guft, rain, thun-
der and lightning, and now a Servant of one of the paf-
fengers fickned of the fmall pox.

The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the IJle of
Wight W. N. W. 10 leagues off, Beachie E. N. E. 8
leagues off, rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8
of the clock at night the land over the Needles bore N.
W. 4 leagues off, we fteered W. afore the Start, at noon
the Boult was N. W. by W. about 3 J leagues off, we
were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the morning, till
12 of the clock at noon, where we took good ftore of
Whitings, and half a fcore Gurnets, this afternoon an in-
finite number of Porpifces fliewed themfelves above water

round

Two Voyages to New-England. 7

round about the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night
proved tempeiluous with much lightning and thunder.

The Sixth day being Sunday, at five of the clock at
night the Lizard was N. W. by W. 6 leagues off, and the
Blackhead which is to the weftward of Falmouth was N.
W. about 5 leagues off.

The Seventh day the uttermoft part of Silly was N. E.
1 2 leagues off, and now we began to fail by the logg.

[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one Boremans man a paffen-
ger was duck'd at the main yards arm (for being drunk
with his Mafters ftrong waters which he ftole) thrice, and
fire given to two whole Sacree, at that inftant. Two mighty
Whales we now faw, the one fpouted water through two
great holes in her head into the Air a great height, and
making a great noife with puffing and blowing, the Sea-
men called her a Soufler ; the other was further off, about
a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fifli, and
the Flail-fifli, whofe ftroakes with a fin that growes upon
her back like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we
heard with amazement : when prefently fome more than
half as far again we fpied a fpout from above, it came
pouring down like a River of water ; So that if they
fhould light in any Ship, flie were in danger to prefently
funk down into the Sea, and falleth with fuch an extream
violence all whole together as one drop, or as water out
of a Veffel, and dured a quarter of an hour, making the
Sea to boyle like a pot, and if any Veffel be near, it fucks
it in. I faw many of thefe fpouts afterwards at nearer
diflance. In the afternoon the Mariners flruck a Por-
pifce, called alfo a Mar/ovius or Sea-hogg, with an harp-
ins:

8 yojfelyns Account of

ing Iron, and hoifted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut fome
of it into thin pieces, and fryed, it tafts hke rufly Bacon,
or hune Beef, if not worfe ; but the Liver boiled and
foufed fometime in Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat.
About 8 of the clock at night, a flame fettled upon the
main maft, it was about the bignefs of a great Candle,
and is called by our Seamen St. Elmes fire, it comes be-
fore a ftorm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit ; if
two appear they prognofticate fafety: Thefe are known
to the learned by the names of Cajior and Polhix, to the
Italians by St. Nicholas and St. Hermes, by the Span-
iards called Corpos Santos.

The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon,
we found the head of our main maft clofe to the cap
twifted and fliivered, and we prefently after found the
fore-top-maft crackt a little above the cap ; So they
wolled them both, and about two of the clock in the
morning 7 new long Boat oars brake aw^ay from our Star-
board quarter with a horrid crack.

The Eleventh day, they obferved and made the Ship
to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great
Sea all night ; about 6 of the clock in the morning we
fpake with Mr. Rupe in a Ship of Dartmouth, w^hich
came from Marcelloes ; and now is Silly N. E. by E. 34
leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night we
founded, and had 85 fathom water, fmall brownifli pep-
perie fand, with a fmall piece of Hakes Tooth, and now
we are 45 leagues off the Lizard, great Seas all night,
and now we fee to the S. W. fix tall Ships, the wind be-
ing kS. W.

The Twelfth day being Whitfunday, at prayer-time we

found

Two Voyages to New-England. ■ 9

found the Ships trine [trim ?] a foot by the flern, and
alfo the partie that was fick of the fmall pox now dyed,
whom we buried in the Sea, tying a bullet (as the man-
ner is) to his neck, and another to his leggs, turned him
out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. In the
afternoon one Martin Jvy a ftripling, fervant to Captain
Thomas Cammock was whipt naked at the Cap-ftern, with
a Cat with Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out
of the Chirurgeons Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in
lefs than an hours time.

The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and
hoifted him aboard with his two Companions (for there
is never a Sharke, but hath a mate or two) that is the
Pilot-fifh or Pilgrim, which lay upon his back clofe to a
long finn ; the other fifh (fomewhat bigger than the Pilot)
about two foot long, called a Remora, it hath no fcales
and flicks clofe to the Sharkes belly, [p. 7.] So the
Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a fmall fifli for his mate,
marching before him, and guiding him ; which I have
feen likewife. The Seamen divided the Sharke into quar-
ters, and made more quarter about it than the Purfer,
when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after they
had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain'd not wor-
thy of wholefome preferment ; but in the afternoon we
took flore of Bo7titoes, or Spanifh Dolphins, a fifh about
the fize of a large Mackarel, beautified with admirable
varietie of glittering colours in the water, and was excel-
lent food.

The Fourteenth day we fpake with a Plimouth man
(about dinner time) bound for New-found-land, who hav-
ing gone up wefl-ward fprang a leak, and now bore back

for

lo yojfelyjis Account of

for Plmtouth. Now was Silly 50 leagues off, and now
many of the paffengej^s fall fick of the fmall Pox and
Calenture.

The Sixteenth Mr. Clarke, who came out of the Downs
with us, and was bound for the Ifle of Providence, one
of the fummer Iflands ; the Spaniards having taken it
a little before, though unknown to Clarke, and to Captain
Nathaniel Btitler going Governour, they departed from
us the Wind N. W. great Seas and ftormie winds all
night.

[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at N. W. about
8 of the clock we faw 5 great Ships bound for the Chan-
nel, which was to the Weflward of us, about two leagues
off, we thought them to be Flemmings ; here we ex-
pected to have met with Pirates, but were happily de-
ceived.

The One and twentieth day, the wind 6^. by W. great
Seas and Wind, in'd our courfes, and tryed from 5 of
the clock afternoon, till 4 in the morning, the night being
very fformie and dark ; we loft Mr. Goodlad and his Ship,
who came out with us, and bound for Bojlon in New-
England.

The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great
grown Sea and mighty winds.

yune the firft day in the afternoon, very thick foggie
weather, we failed by an inchanted Ifland, faw a great
deal of filth and rubbifli floating by the Ship, heard
Cawdimawdies, Sea-gulls and Crowes, (Birds that always
frequent the fhoar) but could fee nothing by reafon of the
miff: towards Sunfet, when we were paft the Ifland, it
cleared up.

The

Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. ii

The Fourteenth day of Jtme, very foggle weather, we
failed by an Ifland of Ice (which lay on the Star-board
fide) three leagues in length mountain high, in form of
[p. 9.] land, with Bayes and Capes like high clift land,
and a River pouring off it into the Sea. We faw like-
wife two or three Foxes, or Devils fkipping upon it.
Thefe Iflands of Ice are congealed in the North, and
brought down in the fpring-time with the Current to the
banks on this fide Neiu-fomid-land, and there ftopt, where
they diffolve at laft to water ; by that time we had failed
half way by it, we met with a French Pickeroon. Here
it was as cold as in the middle of yanuary in England,
and fo continued till we were fome leagues beyond it.

The Sixteenth day we founded, and found 35 fathom
water, upon the bank of New-found-land, we caft out our
hooks for Cod-fifli, thick foggie weather, the Codd being
taken on a Sunday morning, the Sedlaries aboard threw
thofe their fervants took into the Sea again, although
they wanted frefli vidluals, but the Sailers were not fo
nice, amongft many that were taken, we had fome that
were wafted Fifli, & it is obfervable and very ftrange, that
fifties bodies do grow ftender with age, their Tails and
Heads retaining their former bignefs ; Fifti of all Creat-
ures have generally the biggeft heads, and the firft part
that begins to taint in a fifti is the head.

The Nineteenth day. Captain TJiomas Cammock [p. 10.]
(a near kinfman of the Earl of JVarwic^s) now had an-
other lad Thomas Jones, that dyed of the fmall pox at
eight of the clock at night.

The Twentieth day, we faw a great number of Sea-bats,
or Owles, called alfo flying fifh, they are about the bigneis

12 yojjelyiis Accotmt of

of a Whiting, with four tinfel wings, with which they fly-
as long as they are wet, when purfued by other fiflies.
Here likewife we faw many Grandpifces or Herring-hogs,
hunting the fcholes of Herrings, in the afternoon we faw
a great fifli called the veJmella or Sword fifli, having a
long, ftrong and fliarp finn like a Sword-blade on the top
of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke
it off with ftriving to get loofe, one of our Sailers 'dived
and brought it aboard.

The One and twentieth day, we met with two Brijlow
men bound for New-England, and now we are lOO and
75 leagues off Cape-Sable, the fandy Cape, for fo Sable in
French fignifieth, off of which lyeth the Ifle of Sable,
which is beyond New-fotmd-laiid, where they take the
Amphibious Creature, the Walrus, Mors, or Sea-Horfe.

The Two and twentieth, another paffenger dyed of a
Confumption. Now we paffed by the Southern part of
New-fotmd-land, [p. ii,] within fight of it ; the Southern
part of New-found-land is faid to be not above 600
leagues from Englaiid.

The Six and twentieth day, Capt. Thomas Cammock
went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Ifland
Wine, and but 7 men in her, and never a Gun, bound
for Richmonds Ifland, fet out by Mr. Trelaney, of Plim-
outh, exceeding hot weather now.

The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. Edward Tings
the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthifick.

The Nine and twentieth day, founded at night, and
found 120 fathome water, the head of the Ship flruck
againfl a rock ; At 4 of the clock we defcryed two fail
bound for New found-land, 2,1^6. fo for the Streighls, they

told

Two Voyages to New-England. 13

told us of a general Earth-quake in New-England, of the
Birth of a Monfter at Bojlon, in the Majfachufets-Bay a
mortality, and now we are two leagues off Cape Ann.

The Thirtieth day proved ftormie, and having loft the
fight of the Land, we faw none untill the morning ;
doubtfully difcovering the Coaft, fearing the Lee-fhore
all night we bore out to Sea.

JiUy the firft day, we founded at 8 of the clock at
night, and found 93 fathome water, defcried land.

The Third day, we Anchored in the Bay of [p. 12.]
Majfachiifets before Bojlon. Mr. Tinges other man now
dyed of the fmall pox.

The Tenth day, I went a fliore upon Noddles I/land to
Mr. Samuel Maverick (for my paffage) the only hofpita-
ble man in all the Countrey, giving entertainment to all
Comers gratis.

Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Im-
pertinent to give the intending planter fome Inflructions
for the furnifliing of himfelf with things neceffary, and
for undertaking the Tranfport of his Family, or any
others.

To which end obferve, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with
2 Decks and a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of
Ordnance, the charge will amount per moneth, with the
Mariners, to 120 pound /^r moneth. It is better to let
the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the Mari-
ners, and their pay for Wages, and the Tranfporter only
to take care of the paffengers.

The

14 yojfelyns Account of

The common proportion of ViH-iials for the Sea to a Me£]
being ^ men, is as follow eth ;

Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ^per piece.
Four pound of Bread.
One pint J of Peafe.

[p. 13.] Four Gallons of Bear, with Muflard and Vine-
gar for three flefli dayes in the week.

For four fifli dayes, to each mefs per day.
Two^ pieces of Codd or Habberdine, making three pieces

of a fifh.
One quarter of a pound of Butter.
Four pound of B^^ead.
Three quarters of a pound of Cheefe.
Bear as before.

Oatmeal per day, for 50 men, Gallon i. and fo proportion-
able for more or fewer.

Thus you fee the Ships provifion, is Beef or Porke,
FifJi, Butter, Cheefe, Peafe, Pottage, Water-gruel, Bifket,
and fix fliilling Bear.

For private frefli provifion, you may carry with you
(in cafe you, or any of yours fliould be fick at Sea) Con-
ferves of Rofes, Clove-Gillifowers, Wormwood, Green-Gin-
ger, Burnt- Wine, Englifh Spirits, Prunes to stew, Raifons
of the Stm, Cnrrence, Sugar, Nutmeg, Mace, Cinnamon,
Pepper and Ginger, White Bifket, or Spa7iifJi rifk. Eggs,
Rice, juice of Lemmons well put up to cure, or prevent the
Scurvy. Small Skillets, Pipkins, Porrengers, and fmall
Frying pans.

Two Voyages to New-Englmid.

To prevent or take away Sea ficknefs, Conferve of
Wormwood is very proper, but thefe following Troches I
prefer before it.

Firft make pafle of Sugar and Gtim-Dragaga7it mixed
together, then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reafonable quan-
titie of the powder of Cinnamon and Ginger^ and if you
pleafe a little Mujk alfo, and make it up into Roules of
feveral fafliions, which you may gild, of this when you are
troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a quantity accord-
ing to difcretion.

Apparel for one man^ and after the rate for more.

One Hatt

One Mo7imo2ith Cap ....
Three falling bands
Three Shirts .....
One Waflcoat ....

One fuit of Prize ....

One fuit of Cloth ....
One fuit of Canvas ....
Three pair of IriJJi Stockins .
Four pair of Shoos ....
One pair of Canvas Sheets
Seven ells of courfe Canvas to make a bed |
at Sea for two men, to be filled with ftraw j

One courfe Rug at Sea for two men

:)
I

7
2

19
15

5
8

5
6

d
o

'•>
o

6
6
o
o
6
o
o
o

Sum Total. 400

ViHuals

1 6 Jojfelyns Account of

[p. 15.] ViBiials for a whole year to be carried out of
England yi?r one man, and fo for more after the rate.

Eight bufhels of Meal . . . . ' .
Two bufliels of Peafe at three fliiUings a bufliel
Two bufhels of Oatmeal, at four and fix pence

the bufhel

One Gallon of Aqua vitce

One Gallon of Oyl

Two Gallons of Vinegar

Note.

Of Sugar and Spice, 8 pound make the flone, 1 3 ftone
and an half, i. e. 100 pound maketh the hundred, but
your beft way is to buy your Sugar there, for it is cheap-
eft, but for Spice you muft carry it over with you.

/.
A Hogfliead of Englifli Beef will coft . 5

A Hogftiead of IrifJi Beef will coft . . 2
A Barrel of Oatmeal . . . . .0
A Hogfliead of Aqua vitce will coft . . 4
A Hogfliead of Vinegar . . . . i

A bufliel of Muflardfeed . . . . o

[p. 16.] A Ke7ital oi fifli, Cod or Habberdine is 112
pound, will coft if it be merchantable fifli, Two or three
and thirty Rials a Rental, if it be refufe you may have it

for 10 or II fliillings a Kental.

Wooden

Two Voyages to New-England. 17

Wooden Ware.

I.
A pair of Bellowes . . . . . .0

A Skoope ....... o

A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them 1

in the Countrey, they will coft 3 or 4 pound j
Wheelbarrow you may have there, in EngA ^

land they cofl ..... j
A great pail in Englajtd will coft . . o o 10

A Boat called a Canow, will cofl in the Coun-^

trey (with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good ^ 3 o o

one . . . . . . . .J

A fliort Oake ladder in England WiW cofl but o

A Plough o

An Axletree ...... o

A Cart o

For a cafling fhovel ..... o

For a fliovel ....... o

For a Sack ...... o

For a Lanthorn . . . . . .0

Eor Tobacco pipes Jliort Jleels, and great bonis
14 pence and 16 pence the grofe.

[p. 1 7.] For clipping an hundred fheep in | ^

England . . . . . . j

For winding the Wool . . . . .008

For wafliing them . . . . . 020

For one Garnifli of Peuter . . . .200

3 Prizes

yojffelyns Account of

Prizes of Iron Ware.

A r 7ns for one ma7i, but if half of your men have
' Ar7no7ir it is fufficient fo that all have pieces
andfwords.

One Armour compleat, light ....
One long piece five foot, or five and a half I

near IMufket bore . . . . . j

One Sword .......

One Bandaleer ......

One Belt

Twenty pound of powder ....
Sixty pound of fliot or lead, piftol and Goofe )

fiiot J

Tools for a FaTnily of Six perfons^ a7id fo after
the rate for more.

Five broad howes at two fliillings a piece

Five narrow howes at i6 pence a piece

[p. 1 8.] Five felling Axes at i8 pence a piece

Two fteel hand-fawes at i6 pence the piece

Two hand-fawes at 5 fliillings a piece .

One whip faw, fet and filed with box

A file and wrefl ......

Two Hammers 12 pence a piece

Three fhovels 1 8 pence a piece fliod .

Two fpades 1 8 pence a piece ....

Two Augars ......

Two Voyages to New-England.

Two broad Axes at 3 fliillings 8 pence a piece
Six Chiffels .... . . .

Three Gimblets ......

Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece

Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece

Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece .

Nails of all forts to be valued

Two pick-Axes ......

Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters

Two Currie Combs , . . . .

For a Brand to brand Beafls with

For a Chain and lock for a Boat

For a Coulter weighing 10 pound

For a Hand-vife ......

fp. 19.] For a Pitch-fork ....

For one hundred weight of Spikes
Nails and pins 120, to the hundred
For a fhare .......

HotiJJiould Implements for a Family of fix per-
fons, and fo for more or lefs after the rate.

One Iron Pot

For one great Copper Kettle ....
For a fmall Kettle .....

For a leffer Kettle

For one large Frying-pan ....

For a fmall Frying-pan .....

For a brafs Morter .....

For a Spit .......

For one Grid-Iron .....

Fo rwo Skillets

1 1

2 II

Platters,

20 ■ yojfelyns Accoimt of

L s. d.
Platters, diflies, & fpoons of wood . . .040
For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for fix men o 12 10
The fraught will be for one man half a Tun.

Having refreflied my felf for a day or two upon Nod-
dles-Ifland, I croffed the Bay in a fmall Boat to Boflon^
which then was rather a Village, than a Town, there be-
ing not [p. 20.] above Twenty or thirty houfes ; and pre-
fenting my refpedls to Mr. Winthorpe the Governour, and
to Mr. Cotton the Teacher of Boflon Church, to whom I
delivered from Mr. Francis Quarks the poet, the Tranf-
lation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Pfalms into
Englijh Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated
by all I had occafion to converfe with, I returned in the
Evening to my lodging.

The Twelfth day of July, after I had taken my leave
of Mr. Maverick, and fome other Gentlemen, I took Boat
for the Eaflern parts of the Countrie, and arrived at
Black point \w the Province of Main, which is 150 miles
from Boflon, the Fourteenth day, which makes my voyage
1 1 weeks and odd dayes.

The Countrey all along as I failed, being no other than
a meer Wildernefs, here and there by the Sea-fide a few
fcattered plantations, with as few houfes.

About the Tenth of Atigujl, I hapned to walk into the
Woods, not far from the Sea-fide, and falling upon a piece
of ground over-grown with buflies, called there black
Currence, but differing from our Garden Currence, they
being ripe and hanging in lovely bunches ; I fet up my
piece againll; a (lately Oake, with a refolution to fill my
[p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from the houfe ; of

Two Voyages to New-E^igland. 2 1

a fudden I heard a hollow thumping noife upon the
Rocks approaching towards me, which made me pref-
ently to recover my piece, which I had no fooner cock'd,
than a great and grim over-grown flie-Wolf appears, at
whom I fliot, and finding her Gor-belly fluft with flefli
newly taken in, I began prefently to fufpecl that flie had
fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then valued (our
fhe Goats) at Five pound a Goat ; Therefore to make fur-
ther difcovery, I defcended (it being low water) upon the
Sea fands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of
land where the Goats ufually kept. I had not gone far
before I found the footing of two Wolves, and one Goat
betwixt them, whom they had driven into a hollow, be-
twixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and per-
ceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of flaugh-
ter, I hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four
clambered up to the top of the Rock, where I made
ready my piece and fliot at the dog Wolf, who was feed-
ing upon the remainder of the Goat, which was only the
fore flioulders, head and horns, the reft being devoured
by the flie-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat : and
it is very obfervable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have
kill'd a Beaft, or a Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongft them
offers to eat any of it, till the flic-Wolves have filled their
paunches.

The Twenty fourth of September, being Munday about
4 of the clock in the afternoon, a fearful florm of wind
began to rage, called a Hurricane. It is an inipctnous
wind that goes commonly about the Compafs in the /pace of
24 honrs, it began from the W. N. W. and continued till
next morning, the greatefl mifchief it did us, was the

wracking

2 2 yoffelyns Account of

wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many
tall Trees, in fome places a mile together.

December the Tenth, happened an Eclipfe of the Moon
at 8 of the clock at night, it continued till after ii, as
near as we could guefs ; in old England it began after
midnight, and continued till 4 of the clock in the morning;
if Seamen would make obfervatio7i of the time, either of
the beginni?ig or ending of the Eclipfe, or total darknefs of
Sun and Moon in all places where they fJiall happen to
be, and confer their obfervations to fo7ne Artifl, hereby the
longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are
now very uncertainly reported to tis.

1639. May, which fell out to be extream hot and fog-
gie, about the middle of May, I [p. 23.] kill'd within a
ftones throw of our houfe, above four fcore Snakes, fome
of them as big as the fmall of my leg, black of colour,
and three yards long, with a fliarp horn on the tip of
their tail two inches in length.

Jime the Six and twentieth day, very flormie. Light-
ning and Thunder. I heard now two of the greateft and
fearfuUeft thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confi-
dent. At this time we had fome neiglibourihg Gentle-
men in our houfe, who came to welcome me into the
Countrey ; where amongfl variety of difcourfe they told
me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill'd at Pifcata-
way by an Indian ; of a S^^i-Serpent or Snake, that lay
quoiled up like a Cable upon a Rock at Cape- Ann : a
Boat paffmg by with EnglifJi aboard, and two Indians,
they would have fhot the Serpent but the Indians dif-
fwaded them, faying, that if he were not kill'd out-right,
they would be all in danger of their lives.

One

Two Voyages to New-E7tgland. 23

One Mr. Mittin related of a Triton or Mereman which
he faw in Cafcobay, the Gentleman was a great Fouler,
and ufed to goe out with a fmall Boat or Canow, and
fetching a compafs about a fmall Ifland, (there being
many fmall Iflands in the Bay) for the advantage of a
fliot, was encountred [p. 24,] with a Triton, who laying
his hands upon the fide of the Canow, had one of them
chopt off with a Hatchet by Mr. Mittin, which was in all
refpedts like the hand of a man, the Triton prefently funk,
dying the water with his purple blood, and was no more
feen. The next ftory was told by Mr. Foxwell, now liv-
ing in the province of Main, who having been to the
Eaftward in a Shallop, as far as Cape- Ann a Waggon in
his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to land
upon the barbarous fliore, he put off a little further to
Sea ; about midnight they were wakened with a loud
voice from the fhore, calling upon Toxwetl, Foxwell come
a fhore, two or three times : upon the Sands they faw a
great fire, and Men and Women hand in hand dancing
round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they vaniflied,
and as foon as the day appeared, Foxwell puts into a fmall
Cove, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along
the fliore, where he found the footing of Men, Women
and Children fliod with flioes ; and an infinite number of
brands-ends thrown up by the water, but neither Indian
nor EngliJJi could he meet with on the fliore, nor in the
woods ; thefe with many other ftories they told me, the
credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but
fliall [p. 25.] fatisfie my felf, and I hope the Reader
hereof, with the faying of a wife, learned and honourable
Knight, tliat there are maiiy Jlranger things in the world,
than are to be feen between London and Stanes.

Septejnber

24 yoj/elyns Accou7it of

September the Sixth day, one Mr. Jolm Hickforci the
Son of Mr. Hickford a Linnen-Draper in Ckeapjide, hav-
ino- been fome time in the province of Alain, and now
determined to return for England, fold and kill'd his flock
of Cattle and Hoggs, one great Sow he had which he
made great account of, but being very fat, and not fufpe6l-
ing that flie was with pig, he caufed her to be kill'd, and
they found 25 pigs within her belly ; verifying the old
proverb. As fruitful as a white fow. And now we were
told of a fow in Virgmia that brought forth fix pigs ;
their fore-parts Lyons, their hinder-parts hogs. / have
read that at Bruxels, Anno 1564. a fow brought forth fix
pigs, the firfi whereof {for the laft in generating is always
in bruit beafis the firfi brought forth) had the head, face,
arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the body
from the neck, was of a fwine, a fodomitical moifler is
more like the mother than the father in the organs of the
vegetative foul.

The Three and twentieth, I left Black-point, and came
to Richmonds Ifland about [p. 26.] three leagues to the
Eaftward, where Mr. Tralanie kept a fifliing, Mr. John
Wi^iter a grave and difcreet man was his Agent, and im-
ployer of 60 men upon that defign.

The Four and twentieth day being Mu7iday, I went
aboard the Felloivfiiip of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemifli bot-
tom, the Mafter George Luxon of Bittiford in Devonfiiire,
feveral of my friends came to bid me farewell, among the
reft Captain Tho^nas Wannerton who drank to me a pint
of kill-devil alias Rhum at a draught, at 6 of the clock in
the morning we weighed Anchor, and fet fail for the Maf
fachtifets-bay.

The

Two Voyages to New-Englafid. 25

The Seven and twentieth day being Fryday, we Anch-
ored in the afternoon in the MaJ[achnfets-bay before
Bojlon. Next day I went aboard of Mr. Hinder/on, Maf-
ter of a fliip of 500 Tuns, and Captain Jack/on in the
Queen of Bohemia a privateer, and from thence I went
afhore to Bojion^ where I refreflied my felf at an Ordinary.
Next morning I was invited to a fiflierman's houfe fome-
what lower within the Bay, and was there by his Wife
prefented with a handful of fmall Pearl, but none of them
bored nor orient. F>om thence I croft the Bay to
Charles-tow7i, where at one Lo7igs Ordinary I met with
Captain Jack/on and others, walking on the back fide we
fpied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half long, and
as thick in the middle as the fmall of a mans leg, on the
belly yellow, her back fpotted with black, ruffet, yellow
and green, placed like fcales, at her tail flie had a rattle
which is nothing but a hollow flielly buffinefs joynted,
look how many years old flie is, fo many rattles flie hath
in her tail, her neck feemed to be no bigger than ones
Thumb ; yet flie fwallowed a live Chicken, as big as one
they give 4 pence for in Eiigland, prefently as we were
looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship,
being no fooner aboard but we had the fight of an Iil-
dian-Fmn3.ce failing by us made of Birc/i-dark, fewed to-
gether with the roots of fprufe and white Cedar (drawn
out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed with fails top
and top gallant very fumptuoufly.

The Thirtieth day of September, I went afliore upon
A^^^^/^i"-Ifland, where when I was come to Mr. Maver-
icks he would not let me go aboard no more, until the
Ship was ready to fet fail ; the next day a grave and fober
4 perfon

26 Joffelyjis Account of

perfon defcribed the Monfter to me, that was born at Bof-
tou of one Mrs. DyerTi great Secftarie, the Nine and tzuen-
tieth of June, it was {itfiould feem) witJwut a head, but
having horns like a Beafi, and ears, fcales on a rough fkin
like a fifJi [p. 28.] called a Thornback, legs and claws like
a Hawke, and in other refpe^ls as a Woman-child.

The Second of OHober, about 9 of the clock in the
morning, Mr. Mavericks Negro woman came to my cham-
ber window, and in her own Countrey language and tune
fang very loud and fliril, going out to her, flie ufed a
great deal of refpe6l towards me, and willingly would
have expreffed her grief in Englifli ; but I apprehended
it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I re-
paired to my hoffc, to learn of him the caufe, and refolved
to intreat him in her behalf, for that I underftood before,
that fhe had been a Queen in her own Countrey, and
obferved a very humble and dutiful garb ufed towards
her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. Maverick
was defirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore
feeing fhe would not yield by perfwafions to company
with a Negro young man he had in his houfe ; he com-
manded him wiird fhe nill'd flie to go to bed to her,
which was no fooner done but flie kickt him out again,
this flie took in high difdain beyond her flavery, and this
was the caufe of her grief In the afternoon I walked
into the Woods on the back fide of the houfe, and hap-
pening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk (which was a fledg-
way) I wandered till I chanc't to fpye a fruit as I thought
like a pine Apple plated with fcales, it was as big as the
crown of a Womans hat ; I made bold to ftep unto it,
with an intent to have gathered it, no fooner had I touclit

it.

Two Voyages to New-Ejigland. 27

it, but hundreds of Wafps were about me ; at laft I
cleared my felf from them, being ftung only by one upon
the upper lip, glad I was that I fcaped fo well ; But by
that time I was come into the houfe my lip was fwell'd fo
extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my Garments.

The Tenth of OHober, I went aboard and we fell down
to ^antafcot, here Mr. Davies (Mr. Hicks the Apothe-
carie in Fleet-Jlreets Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthifick
aboard on a Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr.
Luxon our Mafter having been afliore upon the Govern-
ours Ifland gave me half a fcore very fair Pippins which
he brought from thence, there being not one Apple-tree,
nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but upon
that Ifland.

The Fifteenth day, we fet fail from Nantafcot.

The Sixteenth day Mr. Robert Fojler, one of our paf-
fengers Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 1 1 3 Pfalm ;
The Lord JJtall preferve thy going out, & thy coming iii;
The Se6laries began to quarrel with him, efpecially Mr.
Vincent Potter, he who was afterwards queftioned for a
Regicide.

The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-fet a Lanner fettled
upon our main Maffc-top, when it was dark I hired one
of the Sailers to fetch her down, and I brought her into
England with much ado, being fain to feed her with hard
Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather at Sea,
our deck in a morning ore-fpread with hoaric froft, and
dangling Ifickles hung upon the Ropes. Some fay the
Sea is hotter in winter, than in fummcr ; biit I did not find
it fo.

November the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the

afternoon,

28 Joffelyjis Account of

afternoon, the Manners obferved the rifmg of a Httle
black cloud in the N. W. which increafing apace, made
them prepare againft a coming ftorm, the wind in fliort
time grew to boifterous, bringing after us a huge grown
Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark.

And the bitter Jiorm augments ; the wild winds wage

War from all parts ; and joyn with the Seas rage.

[p. 31.] The fad clouds fink in f lowers ; you would have
thought.,

That highfwolnfeas even unto Heaven had wrought ;

And Heaven to Seas defended: nofiarfhown;

Blind night i7i darknefs, tempefs, and her ozvn

Dread terrours lofi ; yet this dire lightning turns

To more fear d light ; the Sea with lightning Burns.

The Pilot knew not what to chufe or fly.,

Art food amazd i7i Ambiguity.

The florm augmenting ftill, the next day about 4 of the
clock afternoon we loft our Rudder, and with that our
hopes, fo neceffary a part it is, that a fliip without it,
is like a wild horfe without a bridle ; yet Arifotle that

Eagle-

Two Voyages to New-England. 29

Eagle-Q.yd Philofopher could not give a reafon, why fo fmall
a thing as a HebnJJwuld rule theJJiip.

[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to
dye away, the next day we had leafure to repair our
breaches ; it continued calm till the 1 3 day, and all the
while we faw many dead bodies of men and women float-
ing by us.

The Four and twentieth, we arrived before Bitti/ord,
having pafl; before under L7mdee-\i\2ind.

The Second

VOYAGE.

I Have heard of a certain Merchant in the weft of Eng.
land, who after many great loffes, walking upon the
Sea-bank in a calm Sun-fhining day ; obferving the
fmoothnefs of the Sea, coming in with a chequered or
dimpled wave : Ah (quoth he) thou flattering Element,
many a time hafl: thou inticed me to throw my felf and
my fortunes into thy Arms; but thou haft hitherto proved
treacherous ; thinking to find thee a Mother of encreafe,
I have found thee to be the Mother of mifchief and wick-
ednefs ; yea the Father of prodigies ; therefore, being
now fecure, I will truft thee no more : But mark this
mans refolution a while after, periailum maris /pes lucri
fuperat. So fared it with me, that having efcaped the
dangers of one Voyage, muft needs put on a refolution for
a fecond, wherein I plowed many a churlifli billow [p. 34.]
with little or no advantage, but rather to my lofs and det-
riment. In the fetting down, whereof I purpofe not to
infifl in a methodical way, but according to my quality,
in a plain and brief relation as I have done already ; for
I perceive, if I ufed all the Art that poffibly I could, it
would be difficult to pleafe all, for all mens eyes, ears,
faith, judgement, are not of a fize. There be a fort of
ftagnant flinking fpirits, who, like flyes, lye fucking at the

botches

Two Voyages to New-England. 3 1

botches of carnal pleafures, and never travelled fo much
Sea, as is between Heth-ferry^ and Lyon-Key ; yet not-
withftanding, (fitting in the Chair of the fcornful over
their whifts and draughts of intoxication) will defperately
cenfure the relations of the greateft Travellers. It was a
good provi/o of a learned man, never to report wonders,
for in fo doing, of the greateft he \v\\\ be fure not to be
believed, but laughed at, which certainly bewraies their
ignorance and want of difcretion. Of Fools and Mad-
men then I fliall take no care, I will not invite thefe in
the leaft to honour me with a glance from their fupercil-
ious eyes ; but rather advife them to keep their infpe(5fion
for their fine-tongu'd Romances, and playes. This homely
piece, I protefl ingenuoufly, is prepared for fuch only who
well know how to make ufe of their [p. 35.] charitable
conftrudlions towards works of this nature, to whom I
fubmit my felf in all my faculties, and proceed in my fec-
ond voyage.

Anno 1663. May the Three and twentieth, I went down
to Grave/end, it being Saturday I lay aihore till Monday
the fifth, about 1 1 a clock at night, I went aboard the So-
ciety belonging to Bq/ion in the MaJ/acku/ets a Colony of
EngliJJi in New-England^ of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying
16 Iron Guns moft unferviceable, man'd with 33 failers,
and ']'] paffengers, men, women and children.

The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the
morning we weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide
three or four miles below Grave/end.

The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed
Anchor and came into the Hope before Dcal-Cajlle, here
we were wind bound till

The

32 Joffelyris Account of

The 30 day, we fet fail out of the Downs, being Satur-
day about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the
clock in the afternoon we came up with BeacJiy by W. at
Nore.

The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning
we came up with the Ifle of Wight, at 4 of the clock in
the afternoon [p. 36.] we had Portland N. N. W. of us, 6
leagues off, the wind being then at N. W. by N. at 5 of
the clock we came to Dartmouth, the w^nd W. S. W.

fnne the firft day, being Mo7iday about 4 of the clock
Plimouth was about 9 leagues off, our courfe W. S. W.
the Start bore North diftant about 6 leagues from whence
our reckonings began ; the wind now E. N. E. a fair gale.

The fecond day the Lizard bore N. N. W. in the lati-
tude 51. 300 leagues from Cape-Cod in New England, our
courfe W. and by 6". One of our paffengers now dyed of
a Confumption,

The Fifth day we fleered S. W. obferved and found the
fliip in latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes.

The Tenth day obferved and found the fhip in latitude
49 degrees, and 24 minutes.

The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in
the morning we difcovered land, about 6 of the clock
Flowers, fo called from abundance of flowers, and Corvo
from a multitude of Crowes ; two of the Azores or weft-
ern Iflands, in the Atlantique Ocean not above 250 leagues
from Li/don bore A^. W. of us fome 3 leagues off, we
fleered aw^ay W. by W. obferved and found Flowers to be
in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13
minuts, we defcryed a Village and a fmall Church or
Chappel feated in a pleafant valley to the Eafler-fide of

the

Two Voyages to New-England. 33

the Ifland, the whole Ifland is rockie and mountanious
about 8 miles in compafs, ftored with Corn, Wine and
Goats, and inhabited by outlaw'd Portingals, the Town
they call Santa Cmiz. Corvo is not far from this, I fiip-
pofed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very
high and fteep on all fides, cloathed with tall wood on the
very top, uninhabited, but the Flowreajis here keep fome
number of Goats.

The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the weft-
ward of thefe Iflands we met with a fmall Veffel ftoln
from Jamaico, but 10 men in her, and thofe of feveral
nations, EngliJJi, French, Scotch, Dutch almoft famifh'd,
having been out as they told us, by reafon of calms, three
moneths, bound for Holland.

July the fixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our
men went out to fwim, fome hoifted the Shallop out and
took divers Turtles, there being an infinite number of
them all over the Sea as far as we could ken, and a man
may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, they floated upon
the top of the water being a fleep, and driving gently
upon them with the Shallop, of a fudden [p. 38.] they
took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the
boat, if they be not very nimble they awake and prefently
dive under water ; when they were brought aboard they
fob'd and wept exceedingly, continuing to do fo till the
next day that we killed them, by chopping off their heads,
and having taken off their fliells (that on their back being
faireft, is called a Gaily patch) we opened the body and
took out three hearts in one cafe, and (which was more
ftrange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after
they were taken out. I have obferved in England in my
5 youthful

34 yoffelyns Account of

youthful dayes the like in the heart of a Pike, and the heart
of a Frog, which will leap and fkip as nimbly as the Frog
ufed to do when it was alive from whom it was taken.
Likewife the heart of a Pig\\\S\. ftir after it is exenterated.
Being at a friends houfe in Cambridg-JIiire, the Cook-maid
making ready to daughter a Pig, flie put the hinder parts
between her legs as the ufual manner is, and taking the
fnout in her left hand with a long knife flie ftuck the Pig
and cut the fmall end of the heart almoil; in two, letting it
bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing of it
into a Kettle of boyling water, the Pig fwom twice round
about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the
dreffer flie rub'd it with powdered Rozen and flript off the
hair, and as flie was cutting off the hinder pettito, the Pig
lifts up his head wath open mouth, as if it would have bit-
ten : well, the belly was cut up, and the entrails drawn
out, and the heart laid upon the board, w^iich notwith-
ftanding the wound it received had motion in it, above
four hours after ; there were feveral of the Family by,
with my felf, and we could not otherwayes conclude but
that the Pig was bewitched ; but this by the way. Of
the Sea Turtles there be five forts, firft the Trunck-
turtle which is big^efl:, Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle.
Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, which wnth its bill will bite
horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle which is beft for food,
it is affinned that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve
moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will cure abfo-
lutely Confumptions, and the great pox ; They are a very
delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholefome and re-
ftorative, it is an Aniphibioiis Creature going afliore, the
male throws the female on her back when he couples with

her,

Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 35

her, which is termed cooting, their Eggs grown to perfec-
tion the female goes afliore again and making a hole in
the Sand, there layes her Eggs which are numerous, I
have feen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one Tur-
tle ; when they have laid they cover the hole again with
fand, and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs,
which hatching in the fand and coming to fome ftrength
break out and repair to the Sea, Having fill'd our bellies
with Turtles and Bonito s, called SpaniJJi Dolphins excel-
lently well cooked both of them, the wind blowing fair,

The Eighth day we fpread our fails and went on our
voyage, after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds
called Gulf-weed coming out of the Bay of Mexico, and
firr-trees floating on the Sea, obferved and found the Ship
to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts.

The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three
foot long, which being dreft and diflied by a young Mer-
chant a paffenger happened to be very good fifli, having
very white flefh in flakes like Codd but delicately curl'd,
the back-bone which is perfectly round, joynted with fhort
joynts, the fpace between not above a quarter of an inch
thick, feparated they make fine Table-men, being wrought
on both fides with curious works.

The One and twentieth thick hafie weather.

The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.] Plim-
otith man come from St. Malloes in France, 10 weeks out,
laden with cloath, fruit, and honey, bound for Bojlon in
New-England.

The Six and twentieth we had fight of land.

The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at Nanta/cofy
in the afternoon I went aboard of a Ketch, with fome

other

36 JoJ/elyns Account of

other of our paffengers, in hope to get to Bojion that
nieht ; but the Mafter of the Ketch would not confent.

The Eight and twentieth being Titcfday, in the morn-
ing about 5 of the clock he lent us his Shallop and three
of his men, who brought us to the weflern end of the
town where we landed, and having gratified the men, w^e
repaired to an Ordinary (for fo they call their Taverns
there) where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt
Madera-wine, and flore of plum-cake, about ten of the
clock I went about my Affairs.

Before I purfue my Voyage to an end, I fliall give you
to underftand what Countrie A^ew-England is. Neiu-Eng-
land is that part of America, which together with Vir-
ginia, Mary land, and Nova-fcotia were by the Indians
called (by one name) Wingadacoa, after the difcovery by
Sir Walter [p. 42.] Razvleigh they were named Virginia,
and fo remained untill King James divided the Countrey
into Provinces. New-England then is all that tra6t of
land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and
46, that is from De-la-w are-Bay to Neiu-found-land, fome
will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King James
Letters Patents to the Council of Plimonth in DevonJJiire
from 40 to 48 of the fame latitude, it is judged to be an
Ifland, furrounded on the North with the fpacious River
of Canada, on the South with Mahegan or Hudfons
River, having their rife, as it is thought, from two great
lakes not far off one another, the Sea lyes Eaft and
South from the land, and is very deep, fome fay that the
depth of the Sea being meafured with line and plummet,
feldom exceeds two or three miles, except in fome places
near the Swevian-^Qr&% and about Pontus, obferved by

Pliny.

Two Voyages to New-England. 37

Pliny. Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogflieads of line
near Porto-bello and found no bottom, but whether this be
true or no, or that they were deceived by the Currants
carrying away their lead and line, this is certainly true,
that there is more Sea in the Weftern than the Eaftern
Hemifphere, on the fliore in more places than one at
fpring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.]
the Sea rifeth 18 foot perpendicular, the reafon of this
great flow of waters I refer to the learned, onely by the
way I fliall acquaint you with two reafons for the ebbing
and flowing: of the Sea ; the one delivered in Common
conference, the other in a Sermon at Bojlon in the MaJ/a-
cJmfets-Bay by an eminent man ; The firft was, that God
and his fpirit moving tipon the waters catc/ed the motion ;
the other, that the fpirit of the waters gathered the waters
together ; as the fpirit of Chrifl gathered fouls.

The fliore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multi-
tude of confiderable Harbours ; many of which are capa-
cious enough for a Navy of 500 fail, one of a thoufand,
the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious, full of tall
wood, one fl;ately mountain there is furmounting the reft,
about four fcore mile from the Sea : The defcription of it
you have in my rarities of New-England, between the
mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as
ever eye beheld, befet on each flde with variety of goodly
Trees, the grafs man-high unmowed, uneaten and ufe-
lefly withering ; within thefe valleys are fpacious lakes
or ponds well ftored with Fifli and Beavers ; the original
of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, of which there are
many with leffer [p. 44.] ftreams (wherein are an infinite
of fifh) manifefting the goodnefs of the foil which is black,

red-

38 JoJ/elyns Account of

red-clay, gravel, fand, loom, and very deep in fome places,
as in the valleys and fwamps, which are low grounds and
bottoms infinitely thick fet with Trees and Bullies of all
forts for the moft part, others having no other flirub or
Tree growing, but fprufe, under the fliades whereof you
may freely walk two or three mile together ; being goodly
large Trees, and convenient for malls and fail-yards. The
whole Countrie produceth fprings in abundance replen-
ifhed with excellent waters, having all the properties
afcribed to the beft in the world.

Swift ist in pace, light poiz d, to look in clear,
And quick in boiling {which efleemed were)
Such qualities, as rightly underflood
Withoitten thefe no water could be good.

One Spring there is, at Black-point in the Province of
Main, coming otit of muddy clay that will colour a fpade,
as if hate ht with filver, it is purgative and cures fcabs and
Itch, &c.

The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly furniflied
with mines of Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin, and di-
vers forts of minerals, branching out even to their fum-
mits, where in fmall Crannies you may meet with threds
of perfe61; filver ; yet have the EnglifJi no maw to open
any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of bringing
a forraign Enemy upon them, or (like the dog in the
manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the
benefits, who certainly may claim an intereft in them as
his due, being eminently a gift proceeding from
^' ^^' ^' divine bounty to him ; no perfon can pretend in-
tereft in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations,

but

Two Voyages to New-England. 39

but the Soveraign Prince ; but the fubje6ls of our King
have a right to mines difcovered in their own Lands and
inheritances ; So as that every tenth Tun of fuch Oar is
to be paid to the proprietors of fuch lands, and not to the
ftate, if it be not a mine-Royal : if it prove to be a mine-
Royal, every fifth Tun of all fuch Oar as fhall hold Gold
or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King.
The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long Jince con-
cluded, that although the Gold or Silver conteined in the
bafe mettals of a mine in the land of a StibjeSl, be of lefs
value than the bafer mettal ; yet if the Gold or Silver do
countervail the charge of refining it, or be more worth than
the bafe mettal fpent [p. 46,] in refining it, that then it is
a mine-Royal, and as well the bafe mettal as the Gold and
Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown.

The ftones in the Countrey are for the moft inettle-
ftone, free-ftone, pebble, flate, none that will run to lime,
of which they have great want, of the flate you may make
Tables eafie to be fplit to the thicknefs of an inch, or
thicker if you pleafe, and long enough for a dozen men to
fit at. Pretious ftones there are too, but if you defire to
know further of them, fee the Rarities of New-England ;
onely let me add this obfervation by the way, that Cryftal
fet in the Sun taketh fire, and fetteth dry Tow or brown
Paper on fire held to it. There is likewife a fort of glit-
tering fand, which is altogether as good as the glaffie
powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper
newly written. The climate is reafonably temperate,
hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter than with us,
agrees with our Conftitutions better than hotter Climates^
thefe are limbecks to our bodies^ f arraign heat will extra fl

the

40 Jojffely7is Account of

the inward and adventitious heat con/time the natural, fo
much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat
of the Sun, fo much more wants he the fame inwardly,
which is one reafon why [p. 47.] they are able to receive
more and larger draughts of Brandy, & the like ftrong
fpirits than in England without offence. Cold is Icfs tol-
erable than heat, this a friend to natui^e, that an enemy.
Many are of opinion that the greatefl enemies of life, con-
fifiing of heat and moifiure, is cold and drynefs ; the ex-
tremity of cold is more eafie to be endtired than extremity of
heat ; the violent fliarpnefs of winter, than the fiery raging
of Summer. To conclude, they are both bad, too much heat
brings a hot Feaver, too much cold diminif/ieth the flefit,
withers the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat,
peeleth the hair, aiid proctireth baldnefs.

Aftronomers have taken fpecial knowledge of the num-
ber of 1024 of the principal apparent noted Stars of all
the reft, befides the 7 Planets, and the 12 Signs, and it is
agreed upon that there are more Stars under the North-
ern-pole, than under the Southern, the number of Stars
under both poles are innumerable to us ; but not to the
Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them
all by their names. Ifai. 40. Levate in excelftim oculos
veflros & videte quis creavit hcec ? quis educit iji numero
militiam eorum & omnia fuis nominibus vocat? In Jan-
uary 1668. two Suns appeared and two Moons. The
year before was publiflied the Suns prerogative, vindi-
cated by [p. 48.] Alexander Nowel a young ftudient at
Harvard-Co Hedge in the Maffachufets Colony, which was
as followeth.

Mathematicians have that priviledge, above other Philof-

ophers.

Two Voyages to New- England. .41

opiiers, that their foundations are fo founded upon, and
proved by denwnfiration, that reafon volens nolens mufl
approve of them, when they are once viewed by the eye of the
intelleB, ipfo facto it grants a probatum eft ; if upon thofe
fotmdations he raifcs famous Archite^ures, which are in-
feparably joynted in, atid joyned to their ground-works, yet
are not their Elements of fich vafl extenfions, as to have
their dimenfions adequated with the machine of the primum
mobile, and fo include the Fabrick of created beings ; but
there are fphears above the fphear of their Activity, and
Orbs placed above the reach of their Eifiruments, which will
non-plus the mofl acute inquifitoi^s, at leafl in refere7tce to
an accjirate fcrutiny : hence diffentions about Celefiial bod-
ies, whether the planets have any nattiral light, has been a
queflion, proving that they borrow their light from the Sun:
he being the primitive, they derivatives ; he the Augmentum
primum, they Orta, who though they have light in i^, yet
7iot ex fe. This affertio7i is not expugned by Geocentricks
who produce fenfe and Antiquity to fupport their f up pofi-
tions ; nor oppugned by Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] who deduce
their Hypothefis from reafon, and new obfervations : for,
quicquid in ambitu alicujus circuli actu diffufum, compre-
henditur, id in centro ejufdem continetur potentia collec-
tum. Should I piU the quejlion to the vote, qucfiionlcfs the
major part of m,odern Afti^onomers would carry it affirma-
tively ; but a tefiiinony being Inartificialis Argumentum, /
fiall found my pofition upon a more Artificial Bafis. As
for the multiplication of Eclipfes which fome fear, it's need-
lefs,for the extent of the Cone of the earths fiaddow (a Cen-
tro terras) being 250 Semidiameters, it cannot reach Mars ;
Venus and Mercury never oppofe the Sun. It has been
^ obfe7"ved

42 yoJ[ely7is Acco7i7it of

obferved by the help ^Optick Tubes, that Venus has divers
faces, according to her diverfe pqfition to the Sun. Some
affirm the fame of Mercury, btit he's not fo liable to obfer-
vation^ being feldo?n clear of the radiancy of the Sun. The
fuperior Planets being above the Sun, ttirji the fam,e fide to
the Sun, as they do to us. Venus and Mars are more lucid
in their Parhelion, than in their Aphelion. The Tele-
fcope may convince 21s of this truth ; Evincit enim craffa,
opaca & diffimilium plane partium corpora, planctas effe.
Lafily God made the Su7i and Moon, the two greater lights
[thotigh not the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is
adventitiozis, followes from her invifibilitie [p. 50.] iji a cen-
tral Eclipfe : hence the other planets are dejlitute of native
light ; nam a majore ad minus valet confequentia negative.

In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in New-
England in December in the South-Eajl, rihng conftantly
about one of the clock in the morning, carrying the tail
lower and lower till it came into the Wefi, and then bare
.it direclly before it ; the Star it felf was of a dufkifh red,
the tail of the colour of via laclea, or the milkie way. A
fortnight after it appeared again rifmg higher near the
Nadir or point over our heads, of the fame form and col-
our ; of which hear the former Scholar.

Comets {fay N'aturalifls) proceed from natural caufes^
but they oft precccd preternatural effects. That they have
beeji Antecedejits to ff range confeqiients is an tiniverfal
truth, and proved by particulars, viz. TJiat which hung
over Hierufalem before its extirpation by Vefpatian, that
vertical to Germany, before thofe bloudy Wars &c. So that
experie7ice Attefis, and reafon Affcnts, that they have ferved
for fad Prologues to Tragical Epilogues. For the future

preludiums

Two Voyages to New-England, 43

preludiums to what events they I prove, may be proved by
confequence, if they han t fiiffered a pidvaiion of their pow-
erful Energie. Dr. Ward to falve Contefis, difiinguifJies
between Cometceidis, which are [p. 51.] Sublunary exhala-
tions, and Cometce, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with
the Stars ; the caufe of the inequality of whofe motion, is
their Apoge and Periges. Concerning the height of the late
Comets Orb, becaufe of the deficiency of Infiruments, heres
pars deficiens. As for its motion December 10. 'tivas
about the middle ^ Virgo. Jan. 24. 26 deg. Aries. Some
obfcrve that Comets commonly follow a CoJijunfiion of the
fuperiour planets. Afironomers attribute much to the pre-
domi^iancy of that planet which rules it, ivhich they judge
by the Colour ; a dull leaden colour, claims Saturn ybr his
Lord; bright, Jupiter ; i?^</, Mars; Golden, So\; Yellow,
Venus ; variable. Mercury ; pale, Luna. Alfo to the
A f peels it receives from other playlets, thefign it is in, and
the houfe of the Heavens 171 which it firfi was. Hence
fome may judge a fcheam of the Heavens neceffary, but
unlefs Calculated for its certain rife {which is uncertain)
it's adjudged by the judicious, f up erfiuous. Some put much
trifl or virtue in the tail, termiiig it the /gnomon, &c. But
that is probable of all, which has been obferved of fojnc,
that ifs alwayes oppofite to the Sun ; hence when the Sun
is at the Meridian of the Antipodes it turjis, &c. Which
Regiomont obferved of that in 1475. ^^^ Keckerman of
that i7z 1607. Longomontanus obferves of that in 161 8.
that its firfi [p. 52.] appearance was vertical to Germany
and went Northward, y^ its efi'cH: began there, and made the
likeprogrefs : ifs rational, that as a caufe, itfiwuld oper-
ate mofi powerfully on thofe in whofe Zenith it is, as the

meridional

44 Joffely^is Accoitnt of

meridional Altitude ; nor is it irrational, that as a Jign, it

JJiould pre/age fomeivhat to all thofe, in whofe Horizon it

appears ; for in reafon, Relata fc mutuo inferunt, hence

fignum infers fignatum, and the fignifier implies a figni-

fied. Diverfe defire to be certified of the event ; but he is

wife that knozves it. Some pref tune prophetically to fpecif

icate from generals truths ; others defperately deny generals

and all ; of all whom it's a truth, Incidunt in Scyllam,

&c. Noble Ticho concludes, {with whom I conclude) that

if s not rational particularly to determine the fequel ; for

fliould any, it zvould be only in a contingcjit Axiom, and

proceed fro7n fancic ; therefore of no neceffary confequence,

and wotild produce 07tly opinion.

A friend of mine fliewed me a fmall Treatife written
and printed in the Maf/achufets-^2.y by B. D. hitituled
An Afiro7wmical defcription of the late Comet, or Blazing-
Star, as it appeared in New-England in the Ninth, Tenth,
Eleventh, and the beginning of the Twelfth moiteth, 1 664.
printed at Cambridge by Samuel Green 1665. An ingen-
ious piece, but becaufe I could not perfwade [p. 53.] my
friend to part with it, I took out fome fliort notes being
flraitned in time, which are as followes.

Comets are diftinguiflied in refpedl of their figure, ac-
cording to the divers afpedls of the Sun, into Barbate,
Caudate, and Crinite. i. When the ftream like a beard
goes before the body. 2. When the ftream followes the
body. 3. When the ftream goes right up into the
Heavens.

A Comet is faid to be Vertical to any people, when the
body of the Comet paffeth over their heads.

The light of the Comet alters and varies according to
the diverfe Afpedts of the Sun enlightning it.

Some

Two Voyages to New-Englafid. 45

Some took notice of it in the beginning oi November.

In Anno Dom. 1668. July \}plQ Fifteenth happened an
EcHpfe of the moon from 9 of the clock at night, till after
II, digits 9, and 35 minutes.

In November following appeared a Star between the
horns of the Moon in the midft.

In Anno Dom. 1669. about the middle of ytine at 4 of
the clock in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverft,
and at night about 10 of the clock we had a Lunar Rain-
bow.

[p. 54.] The Indians fo far as I could perceive have but
little knowledge of the Stars and Planets, obferving the
Sun and Moon only, the dividers of time into dayes and
years : they being nearer to the Equinoctial-line by 10
degrees, have their dayes and nights more equally di-
vided, being in Summer two hours fhorter, in Winter two
hours longer than they are in England. The 11 of y^ine
the Sun rifeth at 4 and 26 minutes, and fetteth at 7 & 34
minutes: in Dece77zber, the 13 the fliorteft day, the Sun
rifeth at 7 and 35 minutes, and fetteth at 4 and 27 min-
utes.

'^lid-Marck their Spring begins, in April they have
Rain and Thunder ; So again at Michaelmas, about which
feafon they have either before Michaelmas or after outra-
geous florms of Wind and Rain. It's obfervable that
there is no part of the World, which hath not fome cer-
tain times of out-rageous florms. We have upon our Coaft
in England a Michaelmas flaw, that fcldom fails : in the
Wejl-Indies in Auguji and September the forcible North-
wind, which though fome call Tnffins or Hzu^ricanes we
muft diflinguifli, for a right Htcrricane is (as I have faid

before)

46 JoJJelyits Account of

before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compafs
in the fpace of 24 hours, in fuch a ftorm the Lord Wil-
loughby [p. 55.] oi Par ham Governour of the Barbadoes
was caft away, going* with a fleet to recover St. Chrijio-
phers from the F^'cjick, Anno Dom. 1666. yuly. Cold
weather begins with the middle of November, the winter's
perpetually freezing, infomuch that their Rivers and falt-
Bayes]are frozen over and paffable for Men, Horfe, Oxen
and Carts: y^quore cum gelido zephyriis fere xenia Cymbo.
The North-wefi wind is the fliarpeft wind in the Countrie.
In England mofl; of the cold w^inds and weathers come
from the Sea, and thofe feats that are neareft the Sea-
coafts in England are accounted unwholfome, but not fo
in New-England, for in the extremity of winter the North-
Eafl and Sotith-w'iwA coming from the Sea produceth
warm weather, only the North- We/l-\Nmd coming over
land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except
in Atigujl) covered with fnow) is the caufe of extream cold
weather, alwayes accompanied with deep fnowes and bitter
frofts, the fnow for the moft part four and fix foot deep,
which melting on the fuperficies wdth the heat of the Sun,
(for the mofl part fliining out clearly every day) and freez-
ing again in the night makes a cruft upon the fnow fuf-
ficient to bear a man walking with fnow-flioos upon it.
And at this [p. 56.] feafon the Indians go forth on hunt-
ing of Dear and Moofe, twenty, thirty, forty miles up into
the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for
their Indian Wheat ; w^hich thrives beft in a hot and dry
feafon, the fkie for the moft part Summer and Winter very
clear and ferene ; if they fee a little black cloud in the
North-Wefl, no bigger than a man may cover with his Hat,

they

Two Voyages to New-England. 47

they expe6l a following ftorm, the cloud in fhort time fpread-
ing round about the Horizon accompanied with violent
gufts of wind, rain, and many times lightning and terrible
thunder. In all Countries they have obfervations how the
weather will fall out, and thefe rules following are obferv-
able in New - England. If the Moon look bright and
fair, look for fair weather, alfo the appearing of one Rain-
bow after a ftorm, is a known fign of fair weather ; if mifts
come down from the Hills, or defcend from the Heavens,
and fettle in the valleys, they promife fair hot weather ;
mifts in the Evening fliew a fair hot day on the morrow :
the like when mifts rife from waters in the Evening. The
obfcuring of the fmaller Stars is a certain fign of Tem-
pefts approaching ; the oft changing of the wind is alfo a
fore-runner of a ftorm ; the refounding of the Sea from
the fliore, and murmuring of [p. 57.] the winds in the
woods without apparent wind, flieweth wind to follow :
Ihooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an ufual fign of
wind from that quarter the Star came from. So look
whether the refounding of the Sea upon the fliore be on
the Eajl or Wejl ftde of the dwelling, out of that quarter
will the wind proceed the next day. The rednefs of the
fl<:y in the morning, is a token of winds, or rain or both :
if the Circles that appear about the Sun be red and bro-
ken, they portend wind ; if thick and dark, wind, fnow and
rain ; the like may be faid of the Circles about the moon.
If two rain-bowes appear, they are a fign of rain ; If the
Sun or Moon look pale, look for rain : if a dark cloud be
at Sun-rifing, in which the Sun foon after is hid, it will
diffolve it, and rain will follow ; nebula afcendens indicat
iindres, ncLnila defcendens fercnitateni. If the Sun feem

greater

48 yoJfely7is Account of

greater in the Eajl, than in the Wejl about Sun-fetting,
and that there appears a black cloud, you may expe6l rain
that night, or the day following.

Serb rtidens Ccelum eras indicat ejje ferenuin^
Sedji ma7ie rubet venturos indicat Imdres.

[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and
confpicuous, it is a fign of fair weather ; if black and
cloudy, of rain ; if yellow, it is a certain fign of fnow
fliortly to enfue.

In Anno Dom. 1667. March, appeared a fign in the
Heavens in the form of a Sphear, pointing dire6lly to the
Wejl : and in the year following on the third day of April
being Friday, there was a terrible Earthquake, before that
a very great one in 1638. and another in 58 and in i66|.
yanuary 26, 27, & 28. (which was the year before I came
thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the fpace
of three dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the Coun-
trie ; fome fuppofe that the white mountains were firft
raifed by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be gueffed
by the refounding of the rain upon the level on the top.
The Indians told us of a River whofe courfe was not only
ftopt by an Earthquake in 1668. (as near as I can remem-
ber) but the whole River fwallowed up. And I have
heard it reported from credible perfons, that (whilft I was
there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earth-
quake amongft the Fre^ich, rending a' huge Rock afunder
even to the center, wherein was a vafl hollow of an im-
meafurable depth, out of which came many infernal Spir-
its. I fliall [p. 59.] conclude this difcourfe of Earthquakes,

with

Two Voyages to New-Englaiid. 49

with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr
King Charles the Firft ; A Jlor7ii at Sea wants 7iot its ter-
rour^ but an Earthquake, Jliakhzg the very foundation of
all, the World hath nothing more of horrour. And now I
come to the plants of the Countrie.

The plants in New-England for the variety, number,
beauty, and vertues, may fhand in Competition with the
plants of any Countrey in Europe. Johnfon hath added
to Gei^ard's Herbal 300. and Parkinfon mentioneth many
more ; had they been in New-England they might have
found 1000 at leaft never heard of nor feen by any Eng-
lifJiman before : 'Tis true, the Countrie hath no Bonerets,
or Tartarlamds, no glittering coloured Tuleps ; but here
you have the American Mary-Gold, the Earth-nut bear-
ing a princely Flower, the beautiful leaved Pirola, the
honied Colibry, &c. They are generally of (fomewhat) a
more mafculine vertue, than any of the fame fpecies in
England, but not in fo terrible a degree, as to be mifchiev-
ous or ineffe6tual to our EnglifJi bodies. // is affirmed
by fome that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be fo p^'oper
to EnglifJimen as their own, for the qtiantity (t/ Opium
which Turks do fafely take will kill four Englijhmen, and
that which will [p. 60.] falve their wounds within a day,
will not recu7'e an EnglifJiman in thi^ee. To which I
anfwer that it is cuflom that brings the Turks to the fa-
miliar ufe of Opium. You may have heard of a Taylor
in Kent, who being afflicled with want of flccp ventured
upon Opium, taking at firft a grain, and increafmg of it
till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he took as famil-
iarly as a Tirk, without any harm, more than that he
could not flccp witliout it. The Englifi in New-England
7 take

go Jojfelyns Account of

take white Hellebore, which operates as fairly with them,
as with the /;^rt'z'^;2J-, who fteeping of it in water fometime,
give it to young lads gathered together a purpofe to drink,
if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit,
(which they fave in a Birchen-difli) till it ftayes with them,
& he that gets the vidory of it is made Captain of the
other lads for that year. There is a plant likewife, called
for want of a name Clownes wotmd woi^t by the Engli/Ji,
though it be not the fame, that will heal a green wound
in 24 hours, if a wife man have the ordering of it. Thus
much for the general, I fliall now begin to difcover unto
you the plants more particularly, and I fliall firfl begin
with Trees, and of them, firft with fuch as are called in
Scripture Trees of God, that is great [p. 61.] Trees, that
grow of themfelves without planting. Pfal. 104. 16, 17.
Satiantur arbores Jehovce, ccdri Libani quas plant avit ;^
{ubi aviculcE nidificent) abietes domicilia ciconice. The
Herons take great delight to fit bafking upon the tops of
thefe Trees. And I fliall not be over large in any, hav-
ing written of them in my Treatife of the rarities of New-
England, to which I refer you.

The Oake I have given you an account of, and the
kinds ; I fliall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wain-
fcot. When they have cut it down and clear'd it from the
branches, they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy
place in a River, with the head downward for fome time,
afterwards they draw it out, and when it is feafoned fuffi-
ciently, they faw it into boards for Wainfcot, and it will
branch out into curious works.

There is an admirable rare Creature in fliape like a
Buck, with Horns, of a gummy fubftance, which I have

often

Two Voyages to New-England. 51

often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongft
the withered leaves ; a living Creature I cannot call it ;
having only the fign of a mouth and eyes : feldom or
never fliall you meet with any of them whole, but the
head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the
refl ; the Indians call them Tree Bucks, and have a fuper-
flitious faying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never fee any of
them living) that if they can fee a Tree-Btick walking
upon the branches of an Oake w^ien they go out in a
morning to hunt, they Ihall have good luck that day.
What they are good for I know not, but certainly there is
fome more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that-
nothing in nature is fuperfluous, and we have the Scrip-
ture to back it, that God created nothing in vain. The
like Creatures they /lave at the Barbadoes which they call
Negroes Jieads, found in the Sands, about two inches long,
with forehead, eyes, 7iofe, mouth, chin, and part of the neck,
they are alwayes found loofe in the Sands without afiy root,
it is as black as Jet, but whence it comes they know not. I
have read likewife, that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Ifl-
ands, there is found a certai^i Creatiire, which Boys bring
home fro?n the mountains as oft as they would, and named
them Tudefquels, or little Germans : for they were dryd
dead Carcafes, almofl three footed, which any boy did cafily
carry in one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an
hiLmane fiape ; but the whole dead Carcafe was clearly like
U7tto Parchment, and their bones were flexible, as it were
grifiles : againfl the Sun, alfo, their bowels and inteflines
were feen. Surely {faith my Authour) the deflroyed race
of the Pigmies was there. There is [p. 63.] alfo many
times found upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like

52, . Jojfelyns Accoiml of

a Frog, being as thin as a leaf, and tranfparent, as yellow
as Gold, with little fiery red eyes, the Engli/Ji call them
Tree-fi'ogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I fliall have
occafion to fpeak in another place) they are faid to be ven-
emous, but may be fafely ufed, being admirable to flop
womens over-flowing courfes hung about their necks in a
Taffetie bag.

Captain Smith writes that iii New-England there
growes a certain berry called Kermes, worth lo JJiillings
a pound, and had been formerly fold for 30 or ^o fiillings
a pound, which may yearly be gathered in good qtiajitity.
I have fought for this berry, he fpeaks of, as a man fliould
feek for a needle in a bottle of Hay, but could never light
upon it ; unlefs that kind of Solomonfeal called by the
EnglifJi Treacle-berry be it. Gerard our famous Herbal-
ifl writes that they grow upon a little Tree called Scarlet-
Oake, the leaves have one fJiarp prickle at the end of it ; it
beareth fmall Acorns : But the grain or berry growes otit
of the woody braiiches, like an excrefcence of the fubflance of
the Oake- Apple, and of the bignefs of P cafe, at firfl white,
when ripe of an Afli-colour, which ingenders little Mag-
gots, which when it begins [p. 64.] to have wings are put
into a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and the^i
'inade up into lumps, the Maggot as mofi do deem is Cutch-
enele ; So that Chermes is Cutchenele : the berries dye
fcarlet. Mr. George Sands in his Travels faith {much to
the fame purpofe) that fcarlet dye growes like a b lifter 071 the
leaf of the Holy Oake, a little firub, yet producing Acorns,
being gathered they rub out of it a certain red dufl, that
converteth after a while into worms, which they kill with
Wme, when they begin to quicken. See farther concerning

Treacle-

Two Voyages to New-England. 53

Treacle-berries and Cutchinele in the rarities of New-
England.

The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that
fort which is called Board-pine is the principal, it is a
ftately large Tree, very tall, and fometimes two or three
fadom about : of the body the EngliJJi make large Canows
of 20 foot long, and two foot and a half over, hollowing
of them with an Adds, and lliaping of the outfide like a
Boat. Some conceive that the wood called Gopher in
Scripture, of which Noah made the Ark, was no other
than Pine, Gen. 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for
Ulcers in tender perfons that refufe fliarp medicines.
The inner bark of young board-pine cut fmall and ftampt
and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very foveraign med-
icine for burn [p. 65.] or fcald, wafliing the fore with fome
of the deco6lion, and then laying on the bark ftampt very
foft : or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal
them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it fmall and
flamp it and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wafli the
fore with the liquor, flamp the bark again till it be very
foft and bind it on. The Turpentine is excellent to heal
wounds and cuts, and hath all the properties of Venice
Turpentine, the Rofen is as good as Frankincenfe, and
the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flefli ; the dif-
tilled water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in
the face being laid on with Cloths.

The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but feldom fo big as
the Pine, the bark is fmooth, with knobs or blifters, in
which lyeth clear liquid Turpentine very good to be put
into falves and oyntments, the leaves or Cones boiled in
Beer are good for the Scurvie, the young buds are excel-
lent

54 JoJ/elyns Account of

lent to put into Epithemes for Warts and Corns, the
Rofen is altogether as good as Frankincenfe ; out of this
Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr ; the manner I
fhall give you, for that it may (with many other things
contained in this Treatife) be beneficial to my Country-
men, either there already feated, or that [p. 66.] may hap-
pen to go thither hereafter. Out of the fatteft wood
changed into Torch-wood, which is a difeafe in that Tree,
they draw Tarr, firft a place mufl be paved with ftone or
the like, a little higher in the middle, about which there
muft be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out
from them other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may
be received, then is it put into barrels. The place thus
prepared, the cloven wood muft be fet upright, then muft
it be covered with a great number of firr and pitch bowes ;
and on every part all about with much lome and fods of
earth, and great heed muft be taken, left there be any cleft
or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the fur-
nace, through which the fire may be put in, and the flame
and fmoak to pafs out : when the fire burnetii, the Pitch
or Tarr runneth forth firft thin and then thicker; of which
when it is boiled is made Pitch : the powder of dried
Pitch is ufed to generate flefli in wounds and fores. The
knots of this Tree and fat-pine are ufed by the Engli/Ii
infi;ead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but it
makes the people pale.

The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my
New-England rarities. In the North -eaft of Scotland
upon the banks [p. 67.] of Lough-argick, there hath been
formerly of thefe Trees 28 handful about at the Root, and
their bodies mounted to 90 foot of height, bearing at the

length

Two Voyages to New-England. 55

length 20 inches diameter. At Pafcataway there is now
a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-fide by our
Mafs-men of an incredible bignefs, and fo long that no
Skipper durft ever yet adventure to fliip it, but there it
lyes and. Rots.

The Hemlock-tree is a kind of fpruce or pine ; the bark
boiled and ftampt till it be very foft is excellent for to heal
wounds, and fo is the Turpentine thereof, and the Tur-
pentine that iffueth from the Cones of the Larch-tree,
(which comes nearefl of any to the right Turpentine) is
fmgularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the mal-
ice (or Thorn, as Helmont phrafes it) of any Ach, rubbing
the place therewith, and flrowing upon it the powder of
6'rt'^^-leaves.

The white Cedar is a ftately Tree, and is taken by fome
to be Tamari/k, this Tree the EngliJJi faw into boards to
floor their Rooms, for which purpofe it is excellent, long
lafting, and wears very fmooth and white ; likewife they
make fliingles to cover their houfes with inftead of tyle, it
will never warp. This Tree, the Oak and the [p. 68.]
Larch-tree are belt for building. Groundfels made of
Larch-tree will never rot, and the longer it lyes the harder
it grovves, that you may almoft drive a nail into a bar of
Iron as eafily as into that. Oh, that my Countreymcn
might obtain that bleffmg with their buildings, which
Efay prophefied to the Jewes in the 65 Chapter and 22
verfe. Non a:dijicabnnt & alius inhabitabit, non planta-
bunt & alius comedet : fed ut funt dies Arboris, dies erunt
populi mei, & opus manuum fuarum deterent elefli inci.

The Saffafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with
fome as big as my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that

56 JoJ/elyns Account of

a thin colour of Aflies, the inner part is white, of an ex-
cellent fmell like Fennel, of a fweet taft with fome bitter-
nefs ; the leaves are like Fig-leaves of a dark green. A
decodion of the Roots and bark thereof fweetned with
Sugar, and drunk in the morning fafling will open the
body and procure a flool or two, it is good for the Scur-
vie taken fome time together, and laying upon the legs
the green leaves of white Hellebore. They give it to Cows
that have newly calved to make them caft their Cleanings.
This Tree growes not beyond Black-point Eaftward : it is
obferved, that there is no province but produces Trees
and plants not growing in other Regions.

[p. 69.] Non om7iis fert omnia tellus.

The Walnut which is divers, fome bearing fquare nuts,
others like ours, but fmaller : there is likewife black Wal-
nut of precious ufe for Tables, Cabinets and the like.
The Walnut-tree is the tougheft wood in the Countrie,
and therefore made ufe of for Hoops and Bowes, there
being no Yew there growing ; In England they made
their Bowes ufually of Witch Hafel, Afli, Yew, the beft
of outlandifh Elm, but the Indians make theirs of Walnut.

The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could
never find : the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus,
Holly and Ivy are accounted for woods that caufe fire by
attrition ; Laurel and Ivy are not growing in New-Eng-
land: the Indians will rub two fear'd fi:icks of any fort of
wood, and kindle a fire with them prefently.

The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often
found a jellied fubftance like J ewes-Ears, which I found
upon tryal to be as good for fore throats &c.

The

Two Voyages to New-E^tgland. 57

The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and
black Birch, many of thefe Trees are flript of their bark
by the Indians, who make of it their Canows, Kettles, [p.
70.] and Birchen-dilhes : there is an excrefcence growing
out of the body of the Tree called fpunck, or dead mens
Caps, it growes at the Roots of Afli, or Beech, or Elm ;
but the bell is that which growes upon the black Birch,
this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh
excellent Touch-wood, and Balls to play with.

Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet
fwamps : the bark thereof with the yolke of an Egg is
good for a ftrain ; an Indian bruifmg of his knee, chew'd
the bark of Alder falling and laid it to, which quickly
helped him. The wives of our Weft-Countrey Englifli
make a drink with the feeds of Alder, giving it to their
Children troubled with the A Hoes. I have talk'd with
many of them, but could never apprehend what difeafe it
fliould be they fo name, thefe Trees are called by fome
Sullinges.

The Indians tell of a Tree that growes far up in the
land, that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling-
ficknefs infallibly, what part thereof they ufe, Bark, Wood,
leaves or fruit, I could never learn ; they promifed often
to bring of it to me, but did not. I have feen a flately
Tree growing here and there in valleys, not like to any
Trees in Europe, having a fmooth bark of [p. 71.] a dark
brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in England
called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree they
brag of

Thus much concerning Trees, now I Ihall prcfent to

your view the Shrubs ; and firfl of the Sumach Shrub,

8 which

58 Jojfelyiis Account of

which as I have told you in New-Englands rarities, dif-
fereth from all the kinds fet down in our EnglifJi Herb-
als ; the root dyeth wool or cloth reddilli, the decodion
of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for all Fluxes of the
belly in man or woman, the whites, &c. For galled
places ftamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing
fo foon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach flampt and
applyed once in three dayes, the powder ftrewed in ftayeth
the bleeding of wounds: The feed of Sumach pounded and
mixt with honey, healeth the Hemorrhoids, the gum put
into a hollow tooth affwageth the pain, the bark or berries
in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to make Ink of

Elder in New-England is flirubbie, & dies once in two
years : there is a fort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the
Sea-fide that hath a red pith, the berries of both are
fmaller than Engli/Ji-KXdQv, not round but corner'd, nei-
ther of them fmell fo ftrong as ours.

Juniper growes for the moft part by the Sea-fide, it
bears abundance of fkie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon
by Partridges, and hath a woodie root, which induceth me
to believe that the plant mention'd in Job 30. 4. Qui
decerpebant herbas e faljilagine cimi Jiirpibus : etimfi radi-
ces yuniperorum cibo erant illis, was our Indian plant
CaJ/ava. They write that yuniper-codXs preferve fire
longeft of any, keeping fire a whole year without fupply,
yet the Indian never burns of it.

Sweet fern, fee the rarities of New England, the tops
and nucaments of fweet fern boiled in water or milk and
drunk helpeth all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water
it makes an excellent liquor for I nek.

Current-bufhes are of two kinds red and black, the

black

Two Voyages to Neiv- England. 59

black currents which are larger than the red fmell like
cats pifs, yet are reafonable pleafant in eating.

The Goofeberry-buih, the berry of which is called Gro-
fers or thorn Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry
is but fmall, of a red or purple colour when ripe.

There is a fmall flirub which is very common, growing
fometimes to the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in
fliape to the fruit of the white thorn, of a pale yellow col-
our at firft, then red, when it is ripe of a deep purple, of
a delicate Aromatical taft, fomewhat ftiptick : to conclude,
[p. 73.] alwayes obferve this rule in taking or refufmg
unknown fruit : if you find them eaten of the fowl or
beaft, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwife do
not touch them.

Maze, otherwife called 71?/r/^z>-wheat, or rather India^i-
wheat, becaufe it came firft from thence ; the leaves
boiled and drunk helpeth pain in the back ; of the ftalks
when they are green you may make Beverage, as they do
with Calamels, or Sugar-canes. The raw Corn chewed
ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp to it :
The Indians before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched.
Certainly the parched corn that Abigail\}XOw^\. to David
was of this kind of grain, i Sam. 25. 18. The jfewes
manner was (as it is delivered to us by a learned Divine)
firjl to parch their Corii, then they fry ed it, and lajlly they
boiled it to a pajlc, and then tempered it with water, Checfe-
Curds, Honey a7id Eggs, this they carried drye with the^n
to the Camp, and fo wet the Cakes in Wine or milk ; /nek
was the pulfe too <?/" Africa.

French^^2iVi% or rather American-he2.ns, the Herbalifts
call them kidney-beans from their fliape and effecfls, for

they

6o Joffelyns Acco7int of

they ftrengthen the kidneys ; they are variegated much,
fome being bigger a great deal than others ; fome [p. 74.]
white, black, red, yellow, blew, fpotted ; befides your
Bonivis and Calavances and the kidney-bean, that is
proper to Ronoake, but thefe are brought into the Coun-
trie, the other are natural to the climate. So the Mexico
pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flefli
laid to, affwageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is
proper to the Countrie, the flefli of it is of a flefh colour,
a rare cooler of Feavers, and excellent againft the ftone.
Pomum fpinofiim and palma-ChriJii too growes not here,
unlefs planted, brought from Peru ; the later is thought
to be the plant, that fliaded Jonah the Prophet, Jonas 4. 6.
Paraverat enim Jehova Deus ricmuin qui afcenderet fupra
Jonam, ut ejjfet umbra fiiper caput ejus ereptura etim a
ma to ipjttis ; tcstabaturque Jonas de rici^io ilia Icetitia
magna. Ricinum, that \s palnia Chrijli, called alfo cucur-
bita, and therefore tranflated a Gourd.

Tobacco, or Tabacca fo called from Tabaco or Tabago,
one of the Caribbe-ldd-uds about 50 E^igli/Ji miles from
Trinidad. The right name, according to Monardus, is
picielte, as others will petzim,^ nicotian from Nicot, a Por-
tingal, to whom it was prefented for a raritie in Anno
Dam. 1559. by one that brought it from Florida. Great
conteft there is about the time when it was firft [p. 75.]
brought into England, fome will have Sir John Haivkins
the firfl, others Sir Francis Drakes Mariners ; others
again fay that one Mr. Lane imployed by Sir Walter Raw-
leigh brought it firft into England ; all conclude that Sir
Walter Rawleigh brought it firfl in ufe. It is obferved that
no one kind of/orraign Commodity yieldeth greater advan-
tage

Tiuo Voyages to New- England. 6i

tage to the publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the
complement of our enter tainm,ent, and hath made fnore
/laves than Mahomet. There is three forts of it Mar-
chantable, the firfh horfe Tobacco, having a broad long
leaf piked at the end; the fecond round pointed Tobacco;
third fweet fcented Tobacco. Thefe are made up into
Cane, leaf or ball ; there is little of it planted in New-
Ejigland, neither have they learned the right way of cur-
ing of it. It is fowen in April upon a bed of rich mould
fifted, they make a bed about three yards long, or more
according to the ground they intend to plant, and a yard
and a half over ; tljis they tread down hard, then they fow
their feed upon it as thick as may be, and fift fine earth
upon it, then tread it down again as hard as poffible they
can, when it hath gotten four or fix leaves, they remove it
into the planting ground ; when it begins to bud towards
flowring, they crop off the [p. 76.] top, for the Flower
drawes away the flrength of the leaf For the reft I refer
you to the Planter, being not willing to difcover their
myfleries. The Indians in New England ufe a fmall
round leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fifliermen
Poke. It is odious to the Englifh. The vertues of To-
bacco are thefe^ it helps digefiion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach,
prevents infection by f cents, it heats the cold, and cools them
that fweat, feedeth the hungry, fpent fpirits refloreth, purg-
eth theflomach, killeth nits and lice ; the juice of the green
leaf healeth green wounds, although poyfoned ; the Syrtip
for m,any difeafes, the fmoak for the Phthifick, cough of the
lungs, diflillatio7is of Rheume, and all difeafes of a cold
and moifi caiife, good for all bodies cold and moijl taken
upon an emptiejlomach, taken upon a full flomach it pre-
cipitates

62 yojjelyns Account of

cipitates digeflioii, immoderately taken it dryeth the body,
enjlamet/i the blond, htcrteth the brain, weakens the eyes and
thejinews.

White Hellebore is ufed for the Scurvie by the EngliJIi.
A friend of mine gave them firft a purge, then conferva
of Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar,
fprinkled upon a piece of mill-ftone made hot, and ap-
phed to the fores white Hellebore leaves ; drink made of
Orpine and y2?rr^/ were given Hkewife with it, and [p. 77.]
Sea-fcurvie-grafs. To kill lice, boil the roots of Hellebore
in milk, and anoint the hair of the head therewith or
other places.

Mandrake, is a very rare plant, the Indians know it not,
it is found in the woods about Pafcataway, they do in
plain terms flink, therefore Reubens Flowers that he
brought home were not Mandrakes, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16.
They are rendered in the Latine Amabiles flores, the fame
word fay our Divines is ufed i7i Canticles, 7. 4. Amabi-
les iftos flores edentes odorem, & fecundum oftia noflra
omnes pretiofos fru6lus, recentes fimulac veteres, dilecle
mi, repono tibi. So that the right tranflation is, Reuben
brought home amiable and fweet fmelling Flowers ; this in
the Canticles {fay they) expoti7iding the other.

Calamus Aromaticus, or the fweet fmelling reed, it
Flowers in yuly ; fee New-Englands rarities.

Sarfaparilla or roughbind-weed (as fome defcribe it)
the leaves and whole bind fet with thorns, of this there is
ftore growing upon the banks of Ponds. See the rarities
of New-England. The leaves of the Sarfaparilla there
defcribed pounded w^ith Hogs greafe and boiled to an
unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds.

Live

Two Voyages to New-Eiigland. \ 63

Live for ever, it is a kind of Cud-weed, [p. 78.] flourifli-
eth all fummer long till cold weather comes in, it growes
now plentifully in our EnglifJi Gardens, it is good for
cough of the lungs, and to cleanfe the breaft taken as you
do Tobacco ; and for pain in the head the deco6lion, or
the juice ftrained and drunk in Bear, Wine, or Aqua
vitas, killeth worms. The Fifliermen when they want
Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed.

Lyjimachus or Loofe-ftrife : there are feveral kinds, but
the moft noted is the yellow Lyjimachus of Virginia, the
root is longifli and white, as thick as ones thumb, the
ftalkes of an overworn colour, and a little hairie, the mid-
dle vein '"of the leaf whitifli, the Flower yellow and like
Primrofes, and therefore called Tree-primrofe, growes
upon feedie veffels, &c. The firft year it growes not up
to a ftalke, but fends up many large leaves handfomely
lying one upon another, Rofe fafliion. Flowers in June, the
feed is ripe in Augiijl, this as I have faid is taken by the
E^igliJJt for Scabious.

St. Johns wort, it preferveth Cheefe made up in it, at Sea.

Spurge or Wolfes milch there are feveral forts.

Avens, or herb-bennet ; you have an account of it in
New-Englands rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I
fhall add, that you may plainly perceive a more mafcu-
line quality in the plants growing in Nezu-England. A
neighbour of mine in Hay-time, having overheat himfelf,
and melted his greafe, with driving to outmowe another
man, fell dangeroufly fick, not being able to turn himfelf
in his bed, his ftomach gon, and his heart fainting ever
and anon ; to whom I adminiftered the decoction oi Avcns-
Roots and leaves in water and wine, fweetning it with

Syrup

64 Joffelyns Accoimt of

Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recov-
ered him, fo that he was able to perform his daily work,
being a poor planter or hulbandman as we call them.

Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongfl the
buflies. Mr. Johnfon upon Geraj'd takes the Tulip to be
the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth.
6. 28, 29. Ac de vejiitu quid fo licit i e/iis? difcite quomodo
lilia agrortim augefcant : non fatigantur^ neque nent.fed
dico vobis, ne Solomonem quidem cum univerfa gloria fie
ami6lum fiiiffe lit tmum ex iflis. Solomon in all his Roy-
alty ivas not like one of them. His reafons are, firfl frofn
the f tape, like a lilly ; The fecond, becaufe thofe places where
our Saviour was converfant they grow wild in the fields.
Third, the infinite variety of the [p. 80.] colours. The
fourth a7td lafi reafo7t, the wondrous beautie and mixture
of thefe Floivers.

Water-lillys ; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are
wondrous effe6lual in the flopping of all manner of fluxes
of the belly, drunk with wine or water.

Herba-paris, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved
night-fliade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot
tumours.

Umbilictis veneris, or New-England daifie, it is good for
hot humours, Erifipelas, St. Anthonies fire, all inflamma-
tions.

Glafs-wort, a little quantity of this plant you may take
for the Dropfie, but be very careful that you take not too
much, for it worketh impetuoufly.

Water-plantane, called in Nezu-England water Suck-
leaves, and Scurvie-leaves, you mufl lay tliem whole to the
leggs to draw out water between the fliin and the flefli.

Rofa-

Two Voyages to New-England. 65

Rofa-folis, Sun-dew, moor-grafs, this plant I have feen
more of, than ever I faw in my whole life before in Eng-
land, a man may gather upon fome marifli-grounds an
incredible quantity in a fhort time ; towards the middle
of June it is in its feafon, for then its fpear is fhot out to
its length, of which they take hold and pull the whole
plant up by the roots from the mofs with eafe.

[p. 81.] y^;?2<5^r-greefe I take to be a Mufhroom, fee the
rarities of New-England. Monardus writeth that Amber-
greefe rifeth out of a certain clammy and bituminous earth
under the Seas, a7id by the Sea-Jide, the billows cajli7ig up
part of it a land, and fl/Ii devour the refl\ So7ne fay it is
the feed of a Whale, others, that it fpringeth from fountaijis
as pitch doth, which ffhes f wallow down', the air congealeth
it. And fometimes it is found in the crevifes and corners
of Rocks.

Fufs-balls, Mullipuffes called by the Fifhermen Wolves-
farts, are to be found plentifully, and thofe bigger by
much than any I have feen in England.

Coraliyte there is infinite ftore of it cafl; upon the fhore,
and another plant that is more fpinie, of a Red colour,
and as hard as Corral. Coraline laid to the gout eafeth
the pain.

Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches
of Oar-weed dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White-
wine, is an excellent remedy for the ftone.

I will finifh this part of my relation concerning plants,
with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away
of Corns, which many times fore troubleth the Traveller :
it is not above a handful high ; the little branches are
woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the leaves of Box, but
9 broader

66 yoJfely7is Account of

broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep grafs-green
colour ; this bruifed or champt in the mouth and laid
upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night. And
obferve all Indian Trees and plants, their Roots are but
of fmall depth, and fo they mufl be fet.

Of Beafls of the earth there be fcarce 1 20 feveral kinds,
and not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opin-
ion of fome Naturalifts ; there are not many kinds of
Beafts in New-Engla7id, they may be divided into Beafls
of the Chafe of the flinking foot, as Roes, Foxes, Jaccals,
Wolves, Wild-cats, Raccons, Porcupines, Sqtmcks, Mtif-
quaJJies, Squirrels, Sables, and Mattrifes ; and Beafls of
the Chafe of the fweet foot. Buck, Red Dear, R^iin-Dear,
Elke, Maroufe, Maccarib, Bear, Beaver, Otter, Marten,
Hare.

The Roe a kind of Deer, and the fleetefl Beaft upon
earth is here to be found, and is good venifon, but not
over fat.

The Fox, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a
bitch-fox, they go a clicketing the beginning of the fpring,
and bring forth their Cubs in May and June. There are
two or three kinds of them ; one a great yellow Fox, an-
other grey, who will climb up into Trees ; the black Fox
is of much efleem. Foxes and Wolves are ufually hunted
[p. 83.] in England from Holy-Rood day, till the Annun-
ciation. In New-England they make bell fport in the
depth of winter ; they lay a fledg-load of Cods-heads on
the other fide of a paled fence when the moon fliines,
and about nine or ten of the clock the Foxes come to it,
fometimes two or three, or half a dozen, and more ; thefe
they fhoot, and by that time they have cafed them, there

will

Tzvo Voyages to New-England. 67

will be as many ; So they continue fliooting and killing
of Foxes as long as the moon fliineth ; I have known half
a fcore kill'd in one night. Their pifles are bonie like a
doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears eafeth the
pain, their tails or buflies are very fair ones and of good
ufe, but their fkins are fo thin (yet thick fet with deep
furr) that they will hardly hold the dreffmg.

Jaccals there be abundance, which is a Creature much
like a FoXy but fmaller, they are very frequent in Palcsf-
tina, or the Holy-land.

The Wolf feeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at
the fame feafon with Foxes, and bring forth their whelps
as they do, but their kennels are under thick buflies by
great Trees in remote places by the fwamps, he is to be
hunted as the Fox from Holy-rood ^■^y till the Annuncia-
tion. But there [p. 84.] they have a quicker way to de-
ftroy them. See New-E^iglands rarities. They commonly
go in routs, a rout of Wolves is 1 2 or more, fometimes by
couples. In 1664. we found a Wot/ ccdeep in a fmall dry
fwamp under an Oake, a great maftiff which we had with
us feized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope
about his neck, by which we brought him home, and
tying of him to a flake we bated him with fmaller Doggs,
and had excellent fport ; but his hinder legg being broken,
they knockt out his brains. Sometime before this we had
an excellent courfe after a fmgle Wolf upon the hard
fands by the Sea-fide at low water for a mile or two, at
laft we loft our doggs, it being (as the Lancajliirc people
phrafe it) twi-light, that is almofl dark, and went beyond
them, for a maftiff-bitch had feized upon the Wolf being
gotten into the Sea, and there held him, till one went in

and

68 yojfelyns Accoimt of

and led him out, the bitch keeping her hold till they had
tyed his leggs, and fo carried him home like a Calf upon
a ftaff between two men ; being brought into the houfe
they unbound him and fet him upon his leggs, he not
offering in the leaft to bite, or fo much as to fliew his
teeth, but clapping his ftern betwixt his leggs, and leer-
ing towards the door would willingly have had his liberty,
[p. 85.] but they ferved him as they did the other, knockt
his brains out, for our doggs were not then in a condition
to bate him ; their eyes fliine by night as a Lanthorn :
the Fangs of a Wolf hung about childrens necks keep
them from frighting, and are very good to rub their
gums with when they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a
Wolf is Soveraign for fwelling of the fmews ; the fiants or
dung of a Wolf drunk with white-wine helpeth the Collick.

The Wild-cat, Lufern or luceret, or Ounce as fome call
it, is not inferiour to Lamb, their greafe is very foveraign
for lamenefs upon taking cold.

The Racoon or Rattoon is of two forts, gray Ralloons,
and black Rattoons, their greafe is foveraign for wounds
with bruifes, aches, flreins, bruifes ; and to anoint after
broken bones and diflocations.

The Squ7ick is almofl as big as a Racoon, perfe6t black
and white or pye-bald, with a buih-tail like a Fox, an of-
fenfive Carion ; the Urine of this Creature is of fo ftrong
a fcent, that if it light upon any thing, there is no abiding
of it, it will make a man fmell, though he were of Alexan-
ders complexion ; and fo fharp that if he do but whisk his
bufh which he piffeth upon in the face of a dogg hunt-
ing of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his eyes it
will make him almoft mad with the fmart thereof.

The

Two Voyages to New-England. 69

The MufqiiaJJies is a fmall Beafl that Hves in fliallow
ponds, where they build them houfes of earth and flicks
in fliape Hke mole-hills, and feed upon Calamus Aro^nat-
icus : in May they fcent very ftrong of Muske ; their furr
is of no great efleem ; their ftones wrapt up in Cotten-
wool will continue a long time, and are good to lay
amongft cloths to give them a grateful fmell.

The Sqtiirril, of which there are three forts, the moufe-
fquirril, the gray fquirril, and the flying fquirril, called by
the Indian AJJapanick. The moufe-fquirril is hardly fo
big as a Rat, ftreak'd on both fides with black and red
ftreaks, they are mifchievous vermine deftroying abun-
dance of Corn both in the field and in the houfe, where
they will gnaw holes into Chefls, and tear clothes both
linnen and wollen, and are notable nut-gathers in A^i-
guji ; when hafel and filbert nuts are ripe you may fee
upon every Nut-tree as many moufe-fquirrils as leaves ;
So that the nuts are gone in a trice, which they convey
to their Drays or Nefts. The gray fquirril is pretty large,
almoft as big as a Conie, and are very good meat : in
fome parts of the Countrie there are many of them. The
flying fquirril is fo called, [p. 87.] becaufe (his skin being
loofe and large) he fpreads it on both fides like wings
when he paffeth from one Tree to another at great dif-
tance. I cannot call it flying nor leaping, for it is both.

The Mattrife is a Creature whofe head and fore -parts is
fliaped fomewhat like a Lyons, not altogether fo big as a
houfe-cat, they are innumerable up in the Countrey, and
are efteemed good furr.

The Sable is much of the fize of a Mattrife perfect
black, but what ftore there is of them I cannot tell, I
never faw but two of them in Eight years fpace.

The

70 JoJ/elyns Account of

The Martin is as ours are in Engla^id, but blacker,
they breed in holes which they make in the earth like
Conies, and are innumerable, their skins or furr are in
much requeft.

The B7ick, Stag, and Rain-Dear are Creatures that will
live in the coldeft climates, here they are innumerable,
brin2:ins: forth three Faw7ts or Calves at a time, which
they hide a mile afunder to prevent their deflru6lion by
the Wolves, wild-Gz/i-, Bears, and Mequa^is : when they
are in feafon they will be very fat ; there are but few flain
by the Englijli. The Indians who flioot them, and take
of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their fuet,
and the bones that grow upon Stags-Hearts.

The Moofe or Elke is a Creature, or rather if you will
a Monfter of fuperfluity ; a full grown Moofe is many
times bigger than an EnglifJi Oxe, their horns as I have
faid elfewhere, very big (and brancht out into palms) the
tips whereof are fometimes found to be two fathom afun-
der, (a fathom Qd. 89.] is fix feet from the tip of one finger
to the tip of the other, that is four cubits,) and in height
from the toe of the fore-foot, to the pitch of the flioulder
twelve foot, both which hath been taken by fome of my
fceptiqiie Readers to be monflrous lyes. If you confider
the breadth that the beaft carrieth, and the magnitude of
the horns, you will be eafily induced to contribute your
belief.

What would you fay, if I fliould tell you that in Green-
land there are Does that have as large horns as Bucks,
their brow Antlers growing downwards beyond their
Miifles, and broad at the end wherewith they fcrape away
the fnow to the grafs, it being impoffible for them other-
wayes to live in thofe cold Countries ; the head of one of

thefe

Two Voyages to New-England. 71

thefe Does was fometime fince nailed upon a fign-pofl in
Charter-houfe-lane, and thefe following verfes written upon
a board underneath it.

Like a V>\iQ}^?,-head I Jland in open view,
And yet am none ; 7iay, wonder not, 'tis true ;
The living Beajl that thefe fair horns did owe
Well known to ma7iy, was a Green-land Doe
The proverb old is here fulfilV d i^i me,
That every like is not the fame you fee.

And for their height fince I came into Englajid I have
read Dr. Scroderns his Chymical difpenfatory tranflated
into Englifi by Dr. Rowland, where he writes that when
he lived in Finland tmder Guftavus Horn, he faw an Elke
that was killed and prefented to Guftavus his Mother, fev-
enteen fpans high. Law you now Sirs of the Gibing crue,
if you have any skill in menfuration, tell me what differ-
ence there is between Seventeen fpans and twelve foot.
There are certain tranfcendentia in every Creature, which
are the indelible Characters of God, and which difcover
God ; There's a prudential for you, as John Rhodes the
Fiflierman ufed to fay to his mate, Kitt Lux. But to go
on with the Moofe ; they are accounted a kind of Deer,
and have three Calves at a time, which they hide a mile
afunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make excellent
Coats for Martial men, their fmews which are as [p. 90.]
big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughnefs and
much ufed by the Indians, the bone that growes upon
their heart is an excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick
as an Affes or Bulls who have the thickeft bloud of all

others.

72 JoJJelyns Account of

others, a man the thinnefl. To what age they live I know
not, certainly a long time in their proper climate. SoiJte
particular liviiig Creatures cannot live iii every particular
place or region, efpecially with the fame joy and felicity as
it did where it was firfl bred, for the certain agreement of
7iature that is between the place and the thing bred in that
place : As appeareth by Elephants, which being tra^iflated
and brought out of the Second or Third Climate, though
they may live, yet will they never ingender or bring forth
young. So for plants. Birds, ^c. Of both thefe Creat-
ures, fome few there have been brought into E^igland,
but did not long continue. Sir R. Baker in his Chronicle
tells us of an Elephant in Henry the Thirds Raign, which
he faith was the firft that was ever feen there, which as it
feems is an error, unlefs he reftrain it to the Nonnaits
time. For Mr. Speed writeth that Claudius Drufius Em-
perour of Rome brought in the firfl; in his Army ; the
bones of which digg'd up fince are taken for Gyants
bones. As for the Moofe the firft that was feen in Eng-
land, [p. 91.] was in King Charles the Firft Raign; thus
much for thefe magnals amongft the Creatures of God to
be wondered at, the next beaft to be mentioned is

The Mauroufe, which is fomewhat like a Moofe, but his
horns are but fmall, and himfelf about the fize of a Stag,
thefe are the Deer that the flat-footed Wolves hunt after.

The Maccarib is a Creature not found that ever I
heard yet, but upon Cape-Sable near to the Erench plan-
tations.

The Bear when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature,
they bring forth their Cubs in March, hunted with doggs
they take a Tree where they fhoot them, when he is fat he

Two Voyages to New- England. 73

is excellent Venifon, which is in Acorn time, and in win-
ter, but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him
but the Indian. He makes his Denn amongfl thick
Buflies, thrufting in here and there ftore of Mo/s, which
being covered with fnow and melting in the day time
with heat of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick
coat of Ice ; the mouth of his Den is very narrow, here
they lye fmgle, never two in a Den all winter. The In-
dian as foon as he finds them, creeps in upon all four,
feizes with his left hand upon the neck of the fleeping
Bear, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where
with a club or fmall hatchet in his right hand he knocks
out his brains before he can open his eyes to fee his en-
emy. But fometimes they are too quick for the Indians,
as one amongfl them called black Robin lighting upon a
male Bear had a piece of his buttock torn off before he
could fetch his blow : their greafe is very foveraign. One
Mr. Purchafe cured himfelf of the Sciatica with Bears-
greefe, keeping fome of it continually in his groine. It is
good too for fwell'd Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the
hands in winter, for limbs taken fuddenly with Sciatica,
Gout, or other difeafes that cannot fland upright nor go,
bed-rid ; it muft be well chaft in, and the fame cloth laid
on ftill; it prevents the fhedding of the hair occafioned by
the coldnefs of winters weather ; and the yard of a Bear
which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is good for to expell
Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was there
told by one Mr. Abraham PJiilater a Jerfey-man.

The Beaver or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature,

lives upon the land as well as in the water. I fuppofe

they feed upon fifli, but am fure that the Bark of Trees is

>° alfo

74 yoffely7is Account of

alfo their food ; there is an old proverbial faying, Jic me
jtibes qitotidie, tU fiber falice^n : you love me as the Beaver
doth the willow ; [p. 93.] who eateth the Bark and killeth
the Tree. They will be tame, witnefs the Beaver that not
long fince was kept at Bofion in the MaJfacku/ets-Bay,
and would run up and down the ftreets, returning home
without a call. Their skins are highly valued, and their
ftones are good for the palfie, trembling, and numbnefs of
the hands, boiling of them in Oyl of Spike, and anoint-
ing the fmews in the neck. If you take of Cafioritmt two
drams, of womans hair one dram, and with a little Rozen
of the Pme-TreQ, make it up into pills as big as Filberts
and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at
a time laid upon coals under her noftrils, it will recover
her out of her fit. The greafe of a Beaver is good for the
Nerves, Convulfions, Epilepfies, Apoplexies &c. The tail
as I have faid in another Treatife, is very fat and of a
mafculine vertue, as good as Eririgds or Satyrwn-Roots.

The Otter or RivQr-Dog- is Amphibious too, he hunteth
for his kind in the fpring, and bringeth forth his whelps
as the Beaver doth, they are generally black, and very
numerous, they are hunted in England from Shrovetide
untill Midfummcr, but in New-England they take them
when they can. The skin of an Otter is worth Ten Shil-
lings, [p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are the beft
fortification for the hands againft wet weather that can be
thought of, the furr is excellent for muffs, and is almoft as
dear as Beaver, the greafe of an Otter will make fifli turn
up their bellies, and is of rare ufe for many things.

The Hare, I have no more to write of them than that
they kindle in hollow Trees. What elfe concerns him, or

any

Two Voyages to New-England. 75

any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my New-
Englands rarities, to which I refer you.

The Porcupine hkewife I have treated of, only this I
forgot to acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are
good meat.

The laft kind of Beafts are they that are begot by
equivocal generation, as Mtiles and feveral others, that
when the Beafts were brought by the Almighty Creator
to Adam, who gave them names, were not then in rerum
natura. Of thefe there are not many known in New-
England. I know but of one, and that is the Indian dog
begotten betwixt a Wolf and a Fox, or between a Fox
and a Wolf, which they made ufe of, taming of them, and
bringing of them up to hunt with, but fince the Englifh
came amongft them they have gotten ftore of our dogs,
which they bring up and keep in as much fubje6lion as
they do their webbs.

[P- 95-] Of birds there are not many more than 120
kinds as our Naturalifts have conje6lured, but I think
they are deceived ; they are divided into land-birds and
water-birds, the land-birds again into birds of prey, birds
for meat, fmging-birds and others.

The Pilhannaw is the King of Birds of prey in New-
England, fome take him to be a kind of Eagle, others for
the Indian-Ruck the biggefh Bird that is, except the Of-
trich. One Mr. Hilton living at Pafcataway, had the hap
to kill one of them : being by the Sea-fide he perceived
a great fhadow over his head, the Sun fliining out clear,
cafling up his eyes he faw a monftrous Bird foaring aloft
in the air, and of a fuddcn all the Ducks and Geefc, (there
being then a great many) dived under water, nothing of

them

J 6 'yojfelyns Accon7it of

them appearing but their heads. Mr. Hilton having made
readie his piece, lliot and brought her down to the ground,
how he difpofed of her I know not, but had he taken her
ahve & fent her over into England, neither Bartholomew
nor Sturbridge-¥2i\r could have produced fuch another
fight.

Hawkes there are of feveral kinds, as GqfJiawkes, Fal-
cons, Laniers, Sparrow-hawkes, and a Httle black hawke
highly prized by the Indians who wear them on their [p.
96.] heads, and is accounted of worth fufficient to ran-
fome a Sagamour : they are fo ftrangely couragious and
hardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not
bind with. I have feen them tower fo high, that they
have been fo fmall that fcarcely could they be taken by
the eye. Hawkes greafe is very good for fore eyes.

The Ofprcy I have treated of. There is a fmall Afh-
colour Bird that is fliaped like a Hazoke with talons and
beak that falleth upon Crowes, mounting up into the Air
after them, and will beat them till they make them cry.

The Viilture or Geire, which is fpoken of in Levit. 11.
14. and called a Gripe, their skins are good to line doub-
lets with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck
helpeth the head-ach.

The Gripe ; fee New E7iglands rarities, and for the Tnr-
i^/(?-buzzard.

The Owl the moft flagging Bird that is, of which there
are three forts, a great grey Owl with ears, a little grey
Owl, and a white Owl, which is no bigger than a ThrnJJi.
Plinie writes that the brains of an Owl affwageth the pain
& inflammation in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of
an Owl put into the liquour that a tofpot ufeth to be drunk

with,

Two Voyages to New-England. jj

with, will make him loath drunkennefs [p. 97.] ever after.
But now peradventure fome will fay, what doth this man
mean to bring Owls to Athens ? verily Sirs I prefume to
fay, had I brought over of the little white Oiuls they would
have been acceptable, they are good moufers, and pretty
Birds to look upon ; the Athenians, no queftion are better
imployed than to take notice of my Owls, poor ragged
Birds they are and want thofe gliflering golden feathers
that Draitons Owl is adorned with, yet they are fome-
what of that nature ; if an Athenian chance in this feafon
of divertifement to caft an eye upon them I fliall be glad,
but more glad if he vouchfafe to prune and correal their
feathers, which I confefs are difcompofed for want of Art ;
plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men to
manage. Sirs do not miftake me, there's no man living
honours an Athenian more than I do, efpecially where I
perceive great abilities concomiting with goodnefs of
nature : A good nature (faith Mr. Pei'-kins) is the Char-
acter of God, and God is the father of learning, knowl-
edge, and every good gift, and hath condefcended to be-
come a School-mafter to us poor mortals, furnifliing of us
with Philofophy, Hiflorie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures,
which if we diligently learn and pra6life, we fliall in [p.
98.] time be brought into his Heavenly Academy, where
we fhall have fulncfs and perfe6lion of knowledge eter-
nally. But there arc a Generation of men and women in
this prophane age that defpife Gods learning and his
Ufliers to the Athenians, choofing to wallow in the pleaf-
ures of fin for a feafon. I fiiall conclude this excurfion,
with that which a Poet writ fometime fince, and then
return to the trimming of my Owl.

Say

78 Jojffelyns Account of

Say thou pour Jl them Wheat,

And they would Acorns eat;
"^ Twer e Jimp le ftiry in theejlill to waji
Thy f elf , on them that have no taji ;

No, give them draff their fill,

Hifks, Grains and fwill\
They that love Lees and leave the lufiie Wine,
Envy them. 710 1, their palats with the Swine.

The Raven is here numerous and Crowes, but Rooks,
Danes, Popinjaes, Megpies there be none. It is obferved
that the female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever
bigger than the male, more venturous, hardy, and watch-
ful : but fuch Birds as do not live by prey and Ravin, the
male is more large than the female. So much for Birds
of prey, the next are Birds for the difli, and the firfl of
thefe is,

[p. 99.] The Turkic, which is in New-England a very
large Bird, they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you
would preferve the young Chickens alive, you muft give
them no water, for if they come to have their fill of water
they will drop away ftrangely, and you will never be able
to rear any of them : they are excellent meat, efpecially a
Turkie-Capon beyond that, for which Eight fliillings was
given, their Eggs are very wholefome and reftore decayed
nature exceedingly. But the French fay they breed the
Leprofie ; the Indeffes make Coats of 71?/;'/^2>-feathers
woven for their Children.

The Partridge is larger than ours, white fleflit, but
very dry, they are indeed a fort of Partridges called
Groofes.

The

Two Voyages to New-England. 79

The Pidgeon, of which there are miJhons of millions, I
have feen a flight of Pidgeons in the fpring, and at Mich-
aelmas when they return back to the Southward for four
or five miles, that to my thinking had neither beginning
nor ending, length nor breadth, and fo thick that I could
fee no Sun, they joyn Neft to Neft, and Tree to Tree by
their Nefts many miles together in Ptne-Trees. But of
late they are much diminiflied, the EngliJJi taking them
with Nets. I have bought at Bojlon a dozen of Pidgeons
ready pull'd and garbidgd for three pence, [p. 100.] Ring-
Doves they fay are there too, but I could never fee any.

The Snow-Viixd, is like a Chaf-Finch, go in flocks and
are good meat.

The fmging Birds are Thru/hes with red breafls, which
will be very fat and are good meat, fo are the T/ireJ/els,
Filladies are fmall fmging Birds, Ninmurders little yellow
Birds. New-England Nightingales painted with orient
colours, black, white, blew, yellow, green and fcarlet, and
fmg fweetly, Wood-larks, Wrens, Swallows, who will fit
upon Trees, and Starlings black as Ravens with fcarlet
pinions ; other forts of Birds there are, as the Trocuhis,
Wag-tail, or Di/Ji-water, which is here of a brown colour,
Titmoufe two or three forts, the Dunneck or hedge-6)^(2r-
row who is fl:arke naked in his winter neft. The golden or
yellow hammer, a Bird about the bignefs of a ThrtiJJi that
is all over as red as bloud, ^oodi-Peckers of two or three
forts, glorioufly fet out with variety of glittering colours.
The Colibry, Viemalin, or rifmg or waking Bird, an Em-
blem of the Refurredion, and the wonder of little Birds.

The water-fowl are thefe that follow. Hookers or wild-
Swans, Cranes^ Geefe of three forts, grey, white, and the

brant

8o yojfelyns Accotmt of

brant Goofe, the firft and laft are beft meat, the white are
[p. loi.] lean and tough and hve a long time; whereupon
the proverb, Older than a white Goofe ; of the skins of the
necks of grey Geefe with their Bills the Indians makes
Mantles and Coverlets fowing them together and they
fhew prettily. There be four forts of Dncks, a black
Duck, a brown Duck like our wild Ducks, a grey Duck,
and a great black and white Duck, thefe frequent Rivers
and Ponds ; but of Ducks there be many more forts, as
Hounds, old Wives, Murres, Doies, Shell-drakes, Shoulers
or Shoflers, Widgeons, Simps, Teal, Blew wing'd, and
green wing'd, Divers or Didapcrs, or Dip-chicks, Fe^iduck,
Duckers or Moorhens, Coots, Pochards, a water-fowl like a
Dtick, Plu7igeons, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddifli
Bill, Puets, Plovers, Smethes, Wilmotes, a kind of Teal,-
Godwits, Humilities, Knotes, Red-Shankes, Wobbles, Loones,
Gtills, white Gulls, or '$)Q2i-Cobbs, Caudemandies, Herons,
grey Bitterns, Ox-eyes, Birds called Oxeji and Keen, Pet-
terels. Kings JiJJiers, which breed in the fpring in holes in
the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Summer, by
reafon of the drinefs of their bodies, which becomes more
moifl when their pores are clofed by cold. Mofl of thefe
Fowls and Birds are eatable. There are little Birds that
frequent the Sea-fliore in flocks called Sander lins, [p.
I02.] they are about the bignefs of a Sparrow, and in the
fall of the leaf will be all fat ; when I was firft in the
Countrie the Englijh cut them into fmall pieces to put
into their Puddings inftead of fuet, I have known twelve
fcore and above kill'd at two fhots. I have not done yet,
we muft not forget the Cormorant, Shape or Sharke ;
though I cannot commend them to our curious palats, the

Indians

Two Voyages to New-England. 8i

Indians will eat them when they are fley'd, they take them
prettily, they rooft in the night upon fome Rock that lyes
out in the Sea, thither the hidian goes in his Birch-Ca;-
now when the Moon iliines clear, and when he is come
almoft to it, he lets his Canow drive on of it felf, when he
is come under the Rock he flioves his Boat along till he
come jufl under the Cormorants watchman, the reft being
afleep, and fo foundly do fleep that they will fnore like fo
many Piggs ; the India^i thrufts up his hand of a fudden,
grafping the watchman fo hard round about his neck that
he cannot cry out ; as foon as he hath him in his Canow
he wrings off his head, and making his Canow faft, he
clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking foftly
he takes them up as he pleafeth, ftill wringing off their
heads ; when he hath flain as many as his Canow can
carry, he gives a fhout [p. 103.] which awakens the fur-
viving Cormorants, who are gone in an inftant.

The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are
they that live in the Element of water. Pliny reckons
them to be of 177 kinds, but certainly if it be true that
there is no Beaft upon Earth, which hath not his like in
the Sea, and which (perhaps) is not in fome part parallel'd
in the plants of the Earth ; we may by a diligent fearch
find out many more: of the fame opinion is the Poet, who
faith that it is

Affirm' d by fome that what on Earth we find,
The Sea e an para lie II infiiape and kind.

Divine Dnbcrtiis goes further.

You

82 Jojfelyns Account of

You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom

The deep invention of rare works hath co7ne,

Took you not pattern of our chief ejl Tooles

Out of the lap of Thetis, Lakes, and Pools ?

Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges

Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged f edges,

Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers, fpokes.

Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks.

Oars, fails & f words, f aw s, zvedges, razors, rammers,

Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers.

[p. 104.] Pfalm 104. 25, 26. In ipfo mari magno &fpa-
tiofo, illic reptilia funt atque innutnera animantia parva
cum m.agnis. Illic navea ambulant ; balcena quam for-
fnafli ludendo in eo.

And as the females amonglt Beafls and Birds of prey
for form and beautie furpafs the males, fo do they efpe-
cially amongft fiflies ; and thofe I intend to treat of, I
fliall divide into falt-water fifli, and frefli-water fifli.

The Sea that Pifcina niirabilis affords us the greateft
number, of which I Ihall begin firft with the Whale a regal
fifli, as all fiflies "of extraordinary fize are accounted, of
thefe there are (as I have faid in another place) feven
kinds, the Ambergreefe-/^//^/^ the chiefeft. Anno Dom.
1668 the 17 oi July there was one of them thrown up on
the fliore between Winter-harbotir and Cape-porpus, about
eight mile from the place where I lived, that was five and
fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vaft magnitude
and fhrength. The Royal Pfalmift, in the 148 pfalm, and
the 7 verfe, makes mention of them. Laudate jfehovam
terrefiria ; Cete {Dracones as fome tranflate it) & omnes

abyffi.

Two Voyages to Nezu-Eiigland. 8

abyjjfi. And Mofes in Ids Jiijiory of Job, Job 41. i. A71
extrahas balcenam kamo, &c. [p. 105.] Whereby the fiib-
tlety of the Devil isfJiewed, as alfo, the greatnefs and bru-
tiflinefs of the Devil by the Elephant, iii the 10 verfe of the

foregoing Chapter, hi the book ^ Jonas prophecies we read
of a great f ft, Jonah i. 17. Pararat auteTfi Jehova pif-
cem magnum, qui obforberet fonam,. But whether this
were a Whale or not is queflioned by fome. In the head
{faith Mr. Parkinfon the Herbalifl) of one only fort of
WhalefifJi is found that which is called fperma Caeti, it
lyes in a hole therein, as it ivere a Well, taken out and

prefl that the oyl m,ay com-e out, the fubflance is that we ufe

for fperma Caeti, and hath little or 710 f me II, the oyl f me Us

flrong. See the rarities of New-England.

The Sea-hare is as big as Grampus or Herrin-hog, and
as white as a flieet ; There hath been of them in Black-

point-H3.rhour, & fome way up the river, but we could
never take any of them, feveral have fhot fluggs at them,
but loft their labour.

The Sturgeon is a Regal fifh too, I have feen of them
that have been fixteen foot in length.- of their founds they
make Ifinglafs, which melted in the mouth is excellent to
feal letters.

Sharkes there are infinite ftore, who tear the Fifher-
mens nets to their great lofs and hinderance ; they are of
two forts, one flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-fnouted,
the pretious flone in their heads (foveraign for the ftone
in a man) fo much coveted by the travelling Chirurgeon
is nought elfe but the brains of the flat-headed Sharke.
With thefe we may joyn the Dog-fifli or Thorn-hound,
who hath two long fliarp prickles on his back.

• The

84 yojfelyns Accoitiit of

The Sea-horfe or Morfe is a kind of monfter-fifli nu-
merous about the Ifle of Sables, \. e. The fandy Ifle. An
Amphibious Creature kill'd for their Teeth and Oyl,
never brings forth more than two at a birth ; as alfo doth
the Soil and Manate or Cow-fifli which is fuppofed to be
the Sea-monfter fpoken of by Jeremy, Lamerit. 4. 3.
Etiam phoccE prcsbent fnammain, laHaiit catulos fuos ; So
the Latins render it, phoca a Sea-Calf or Soil.

The fmall Sword-fifJi is very good meat, the Sea-bat or
Sea-owl a kind of flying fifli.

Negroes or Sea-Devils a very ugly fifh, having a black
fcale, there are three forts of them, one a hideous filli,
another about two foot long ; of thefe I have feen ftore in
Black-point Harbour in the w^ater, but never attempted to
take any of them.

Squids a foft fifli fomewhat like a cudgel, their horns
like a Snails, which fometimes are found to be of an in-
credible length, [p. 107.] this fifli is much ufed for bait to
catch a Cod, Hacke, Polluck, and the like Sea-fifli.

The Dolphin, Bonito, or Dozado, the aflies of their teeth
mixed with honey, is good to affwage the pain of breeding
teeth in Children.

The Sea-brea7n, Dorado, or Amber-ffh, they follow fliips
as doth the Dolphin, and are good meat.

The Mackarel, of w^iich there is choicefull plenty all
fummer long, in the fpring they are ordinarily 1 8 inches
long, afterwards there is none taken but what are fmaller.

The Liver-ffJi like a Whiting.

The Herri^i which are numerous, they take of them all
fummer long. In Anno Dom. 1670. they were driven into
Black-point Harbour by other great fifli that prey upon

them

Tzuo Voyages to New-E^tgland. 85

them fo near the fliore, that they threw themfelves (it be-
ing high water) upon dry land in fuch infinite numbers
that we might have gone up half way the leg amongfl:
them for near a quarter of a mile. We ufed to qualifie a
pickled Herrin by boiling of him in milk.

The Alewife is like z. herriit, but has a bigger bellie
therefore called an Alewife, they come in the end oi April
into frefli [p. 108.] Rivers and Ponds; there hath been
taken in two hours time by two men without any Weyre
at all, faving a few ftones to ftop the paffage of the River,
above ten thoufand. The Ilalian hath a proverb, that he
that hath feen one miracle will eafily believe another ; but
this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet, inftead
of a belief with an Adulterate conflrudlion from thofe
that are fomewhat akin to St. Peters mockers, fuch as
deny the laft judgement. I have known in England 9
fcore and 16 Pikes and Pickarel taken with three Ano^les
between the hours of three and ten in the morning, in
the River Owfe in the Ifle of Ely, three quarters of a yard
long above half of them ; they make red Alewives after
the fame manner as they do herrins and are as good.

The Bajfe is a fait water fifli too, but moft an end taken
in Rivers where they fpawn, there hath been 3000 BaJJe
taken at a fet, one writes that the fat in the bone of a
Bajfes head is his brains which is a lye.

The Salmon likewife is a Sea-filh, but as the Ba^e
comes into Rivers to fpawn, a Salmon the firft year is a
Salmon-fmelt \ The fecond a Mort; The third a Spraid\
The fourth a Soar; The fifth a Sorrel; The fixth [p.
109.] a forket tail; and the feventh year a Salmon.
There are another fort of Salmon frequent in thofe
parts called white Salmo7is. Cap cling

86 Jqffelyns Account of

Capeling is a fmall fifli like a fmelt.

The Turtle or Tortoife is of two forts SQ2i-Turtles and
\2ind-Turtles : of S^2i-Turtles there are five forts, of land-
Turtles three forts, one of which is a right land-///r//<? that
feldom or never goes into the water, the other two being
the River- Turtle, and the pond- Turtle : there are many of
thefe in the brooke Chyfon in the Holy land. The aflies
of a S^-Si-Turtle mixt with oyl or ^^^ri--greafe caufeth
hair to grow : the fliell of a land- Turtle burnt and the
aflies diffolved in wine and oyl to an unguent healeth
chaps and fores of the feet : the flefli burnt and the aflies
mixt with wine and oyl healeth fore legs : the aflies of the
burnt fliell and the whites of eggs compounded together
healeth chaps in woniens nipples ; and the head pulver-
ized with it prevents the falling of the hair, and will heal
the Hemorrhoids, firft wafliing of them with white-wine,
and then ftrewing on the powder.

Lobjler, which fome fay is at firft a whelk, I have feen
a Lobjler that weighed twenty pound, they caft their fliell-
coats in the fpring, and fo do Crabs ; having underneath
a thin red skin which growes thicker and [p. i lo.] hard in
fliort time. The Indians feed much upon this fifli, fome
they roft, and fome they dry as they do Lampres and Oys-
ters which are delicate breakfaft meat fo ordered, the Oys-
ters are long fhell'd, I have had of them nine inches long
from the joynt to the toe, containing an Oyjler like thofe
the Latines called Tridacuan that were to be cut into
three pieces before they could get them into their mouths,
very fat and fweet.

The Mufcle is of two forts, SQ2i-7nu/cles in which they
find Pearl and nw^r-mu/cles. SQ2i-mu/cles dryed and pul-
verized

Two Voyages to Neiv- England. 87

verized and laid upon the fores of the Piles and hemor-
rhoids with oyl will perfe6lly cure them.

The Whore is a fliell-fifli, the fliells are called whores-
eggs, being fine round white fliells, in fliape like a Mexico
pompion, but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg ;
they are wrought down the fides with little knobs and
holes very prettily, but are but thin and brittle.

The Perriwig is a fliell-fifli that lyeth in the Sands flat
and round as a fliovel-board piece and very little thicker ;
thefe at a little hole in the middle of the fliell thruft out a
cap of hair, but upon the leaft motion of any danger it
drawes it in again.

Trouts there be good ftore in every brook, ordinarily
two and twenty inches [p. 1 1 1.] long, their greafe is good
for the Piles and clifts.

The Eal is of two forts, falt-water Eals and frefli-water
Eals ; thefe again are diftinguiflied into yellow bellied
Eals and filver bellied Eals ; I never eat better Eals in
no part of the world that I have been in, than are here.
They that have no mind or leafure to take them, may buy
of an Indian half a dozen filver bellied Eals as bis: as
thofe we ufually give 8 pence or 1 2 pence a piece for at
London, for three pence or a groat. There is feveral wayes
of cooking them, fome love them roafhed, others baked,
and many will have them fryed ; but they pleafe my pal-
ate bcfl when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil
them in half water, half wine with the bottom of a man-
chet, a fagot of Parfley, and a little winter favory, when
they are boiled they take them out and break the bread
in the broth, and put to it three or four fpoonfuls of yeft,
and a piece of fweet butter, this they pour to their Eals

laid

88 yojfelyns Account of

laid upon fippets and fo ferve it up. I fancie my way-
better which is this, after the Eals are fley'd and waflit I
fill their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little
bruifed, and fow them up with a needle and thred, then I
flick a Glove here and there in their fides about an inch
afunder, [p. 112.] making holes for them with a bodkin,
this done I wind them up in a wreath and put them into
a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, fo
much as will rife four fingers above the Eals, in midft
of the Eals I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a
fagot of thefe herbs following, Parfley one handful, a little
fweet Marjoram, Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rofe-
mary, bind them up with a thred, and when they are
boiled enough take out the Eals and pull out the threds
that their bellies were fowed up with, turn out the Nut-
meg and Cloves, put the Eals in a difli wilh butter and
vinegar upon a chafing-difli with coals to keep warm,
then put into the broth three or four fpoonfuls of good
Ale-yeaft with the juice of half a Lemmon ; but before
you put in your yeaft beat it in a porringer with fome of
the broth, then break the cruft of bread very fmall and
mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into a deep
difli and garnifli it with the other half of the Lemmon,
and fo ferve them up to the Table in two diflies.

The Erojlji/h is little bigger than a Gudgeon and are
taken in frefli brooks ; when the waters are frozen they
make a hole in the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to
which the fifli repair in great numbers, where with [p. u 3.]
fmall nets bound to a hoop about the bignefs of a firkin-
hoop with a ftaff faflned to it they lade them out of the
hole. I have not done with the fifli yet, being willing to

let

Two Voyages to New-England.

let you know all of them that are to be feen and catch'd
in the Sea and frefli waters in New-England, and becaufe
I will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occa-
fion to enlarge my difcourfe, I fliall only name them and
fo conclude.

Aleport

feveral kinds

Purple-JiJJt

Albicore

Sea-Flea

Porgee

Barracha

GrandpiJJe

Remora

Barracontha

Hake

Sea-Raven

Blew-fi/Ji

Haddock

Sail-fiJJi

Bull-head

Horfe-foot

Scallop

Bur-fiJJi

Hallibut

"p. 1 1 4.] Scale

Cat-fijh

Hen-fiJJi

Stingray

Cony-fiJJt

Lampre

Sculpin

Cusk

Limpin

Shadd

Clam

Lumpe

Spurlin

Rock-Cod

Maid

Sheath-JiJJi

Sea -Cod

M07tk-fiJJl

Smelt

divers

Sea-mullet

Shrimps

kinds of

Nun-JiJJi

Sprates

Crabs

Perch

Star-fiJJi

Sea-Cucumber

Polluck

Sword-fi/Ji

Cunner

Periwincle

Thornback

Sea-Darts

Pike

Turbet

or yavelins

Pilat-fijli

The Ulatife

Flail-fijlt

Plaice

orfaw-fiJJi

Flotmder

PorpiJJe

Sea- Urchin

or Flowke

Prawne

Sea- Unichorn

Flyiiig-fi/Ji

The

90 Jojfelyns Account of

The fifli are fwum by, and the Serpents are creeping
on, terrible creatures, carrying flings in their tails. That
will fmart worfe than a Satyrs whip, though it were as
big as Mr. Shepperds the mad Gentleman ^t Milton-Mow-
brayes Conjlajitinus Laf cuius.

The chief or Captain of thefe is the Rattle-fnake de-
fcribed already in my Journal, in fome places of the Coun-
trey there are none as at Plijuoutk, New-town., Nahant
and fome other places, they will live on one fide of the
River, and but fwimming over and coming into the woods
dye immediately.

The fat of a Rattle-fnake is very Soveraign for frozen
limbs, bruifes, lamenefs by falls. Aches, Sprains. The
heart of a Rattle-fnake dried and pulverized and drunk
with wine or beer is an approved remedy againft the bit-
ing and venome of a Rattle-fnake. Some body will give
me thanks for [p. 115.] difcovering thefe fecrets and the
reft ; Nan omnibus omnia conveniant.

The Snake of which there are infinite numbers of va-
rious colours, fome black, others painted with red, yellow
and white, fome agaifi of a grafs-green colour powdered
all over as it were with filver duft or Mu/coz'ie-g\^.k. But
there is one fort that exceeds all the reft, and that is the
Checkquered fnake, having as many colours within the
checkquers fliaddowing one another, as there are in a
Rainbow. There are two forts of fnakes, the land-fnake
and the water-fnake ; the water-fnake will be as big about
the belly as the Calf of a mans leg ; I never heard of any
mifchief that fnakes did, they kill, them fometimes for
their skins and bones to make hatbands off, their skins
likewife worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie againft

the

Two Voyages to New- England,- 91

the cramp. I have found of the skins that they cafl in
woods in fome quantity, they caft not their very skins, but
only the fuperfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin,
for the very skin is bafted to the flefli, fo Lobfters and
Crabs.

The Earth-worm, thefe are very rare and as fmall as a
horfe hair, but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and
eateth the feed, that is fomewhat like a Maggot of a white
colour with a red head, and is about [p. 1 16.] the bignefs
of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long.
There- is alfo a dark dunnifli Worm or Bug of the bignefs
of an Oaten-flraw, and an inch long, that in the fpring
lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and
in the night creep out and devour them ; thefe in fome
years deftroy abundance of Indian Corn and Garden
plants, and they have but one way to be rid of them,
which the EngliJJi have learnt of the Indians ; And be-
caufe it is fomewhat ftrange, I fliall tell you how it is,
they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-difli,
and fpudling the earth about the roots, for they lye not
deep, they gather their difh full which may contain about
a quart or three pints, then they carrie the difli to the
Sea-fide when it is ebbing-water and fet it a fwimming,
the water carrieth the difh into the Sea and within a day
or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes
out fooner than find any of them.

Sow-bugs or Millipedes there be good florc, but none
of that fort that are blew and turn round as a pea when
they are touched ; neither are there any Beetles nor Ma-
ple-bugs^ but a ftinking black and red Bug called a Caca-
rooc/i or Cockroach, and a little black Bug like a Lady-
cow

92 Jojfelyjis Account of

cow that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to
their [p. 1 1 7.] utter fpoil. Likewife there be infinite
numbers of Tikes hanging upon the bullies in fummer
time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into
his Breeches eating themfelves in a lliort time into the
very flefli of a man. I have feen the ftockins of thofe
that have gone through the woods covered with them.
Befides thefe there is a Bug, but whether it be a Native
to the Countrie or a flranger I cannot fay ; Some are of
opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with
Spanifh goods, they infefl; our beds moft, all day they hide
themfelves, but when night comes they will creep to the
fleeping wretch and bite him worfe than a flea, which
raifeth a fwelling knub that will itch intolerably, if you
fcratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a fcab ; and if you
chance to break one of the Bugs it will flink odioufly :
they call them Chinches or Wood-lice, they are fat, red
and in fliape like a Tike and no bigger. There are alfo
Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, thefe fome
years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as
naked almoft as in winter, they do much harm in the
EngliJJi Orchards. Of Snails there are but few, and thofe
very little ones, they lye at the Roots of long grafs in
moift places, and are no where elfe to be found, [p. 1 1 8.]
Spiders and Spinners there be many, the lafl very big
and of feveral colours.

The Pifmire or Ant muft not be forgotten, accounted
the leafl; Creature, and by Salo7non commended for its
wifdom, Prov. 30. 24, 25. Quatuor ijla parva fu7tt hu-
milia, tamen funt fapicfitia, apprime fapie7ttia : formiccs
populus infirmus, qucB comparant csjlate cibum fuum, &c.

There

Two Voyages to New-England. 93

There are two forts, red Ants and black Ants, both of
them are many times found winged ; not long fmce they
were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a ftorm
betwixt Black-point and Saco, where the paffenger might
have walkt up to the Ankles in them.

The Grafliopper is innumerable and bigger by much
than ours in England, having Tinfel-wings, with help
whereof they will flye and skip a great way. Next to
thefe in number are your Crickets, a man can walk no
where in the fummer but he fliall tread upon them ; The
Italian who hath them cryed up and down the ftreets
{Grille che cantelo) and buyeth them to put into his Gar-
dens, if he were in New-Engla7td would gladly be rid of
them, they make fuch a dinn in an Evening. I could
never difcover the Organ of their voice, they have a little
clift in their Crown which opens, and at the fame inftant
they fliake their wings.

[p. 1 1 9.] The Eft or Swift in New-E^igland is a moft
beautiful Creature to look upon, being larger than ours,
and painted with glorious colours ; but I lik'd him never
the better for it.

Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they
chirp like Birds in the fpring, and latter end of fummer
croak like Toads. It is admirable to confider the gener-
ating of thefe Creatures, firft they lay their gelly on the
water in ponds and flill waters, which comes in time to be
full of black fpots as broad as the head of a Ten-penny
nail, and round, thefe feparate themfelves from the gleir,
and after a while thrufh out a tail, then their head comes
forth, after their head fprings out their fore-legs, and then
their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to

have

94 yojfelyns Account of

have a head and four legs too, the firft proves a frog, the
latter a water nuet. The Herbalifl ufeth to fay by way
of admiration, qticElibet herba deuTn &c. So God is feen
in the produ6lion of thefe fmall Creatures which are a
part of the Creation ; Laudate yehovam coelites^ latidate
eum in excel/is, &c. Laudent nomen Jehovce quce ipfo pr<z-
cipie7tte illico creata fimt &c. ipfcB beJlicB & omnes Jtimenta,
reptilia & aves alatce^ Pfal. 148.

The Toad is of two forts, one that is [p. 1 20.] fpeckled
with white, and another of a dark earthy colour ; there
is of them that will climb up into Trees and fit croaking
there ; but whether it be of a third fort, or one of the
other, or both, I am not able to affirm ; but this I can tef-
tifie that there be Toads of the dark coloured kind that
are as big as a groat loaf Which report will not fwell
into the belief of my fceptique Sirs ; nor that there is a
Hell, being like Salomons fool, Prov. 26. 22. Sedji con-
tunderes Jlultum in inortario cum mola pi/iillo, ?ion rece-
deret ab eo Jlultitia ejus.

Now before I proceed any further, I muft (to prevent
mifconftrudtions) tell you that thefe following Creatures,
though they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they
are venomous and peftilent Creatures. As, firft the Rat,
but he hath been brought in fmce the EngliJJi came
thither, but the Moufe is a Native, of which there are fev-
eral kinds not material to be defcribed ; the Bat or flitter
moufe is bigger abundance than any in Englmid and
fwarm, which brings me to the infe6ts or cut-wafted
Creatures again, as firft the honey-Bee, which are carried
over by the EngliJJi and thrive there exceedingly, in time
they may be produced from Bullocks when the wild

Beafts

Two Voyages to New-England. 95

Beafts are deftroyed. But the wafp is [p. 121.] common,
and they have a fort of wild humble-Bee that breed in
httle holes in the earth. Near upon twenty years fmce
there lived an old planter at Black-point, who on a Sun-
fliine day about one of the clock lying upon a green
bank not far from his houfe, charged his Son, a lad of 1 2
years of age to awaken him when he had flept two hours,
the old man falls afleep and lying upon his back gaped
with his mouth wide enough for a Hawke to fliit into it ;
after a little while the lad fitting by fpied a humble-Bee
creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking wing
flew quite out of fight, the hour as the lad ghefl being
come to awaken his Father he jogg'd him and called
aloud Father, Father, it is two a clock, but all would not
roufe him, at laft he fees the humble-Bee returning, who
lighted upon the fleepers lip and walked down as the lad
conceived into his belly, and prefently he awaked.

The Countrey is ftrangely incommodated with flyes,
which the EngliJJi call Musketaes, they are like our gnats,
they will fling fo fiercely in fummer as to make the faces
of the EngliJJi fwell'd and fcabby, as if the fmall pox for
the firft year. Likewife there is a fmall black fly no big-
ger than a flea, fo numerous up in the Countrey, [p. 122.]
that a man cannot draw his breath, but he will fuck of
them in : they continue about Thirty dayes fay fome,
but I fay three moneths, and are not only a peflerment
but a plague to the Countrey. There is another fort of
fly called a Gurnipper that are like our horfe-flyes, and
will bite defperately, making the bloud to fpurt out in
great quantity ; thefe trouble our EngliJJi Cattle very
much, raifing fwellings as big as an ^%^ in their hides.

The

g6 Joffelyns Account of

The Butterfly is of feveral forts and larger than ours ; So
are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings,
there are multitudes of them infomuch that in the dark
evening when I firft went into the Countrey I thought
the whole Heavens had been on fire, feeing fo many
fparkles flying in the air : about Mount-Carmel, and the
valley of Acree in the Holy-land there be abundance of
them.

Thefe are taken for Cantharides. Cantharides are
green flyes by day, in the night they pafs about like a fly-
ing Glow-worm with fire in their tails.

I have finiflied now my relation of plants, ^c. I have
taken fome pains in recolledling of them to memory, and
fetting of them down for their benefit from whom I may
expe6t thanks; but I believe my [p. 123.] reward will
be according to Ben yohnfons proverbs, Whifl:le to a Jade
and he will pay you with a fart. Claw a churl by the britch
and he will fliit in your fift.

The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to
be of the Tartars called Samonids that border upon Mo/-
covia, and are divided into Tribes ; thofe to the Eafl and
North-eaft are called Ckurchers and Tarentines, and Mon-
hegans. To the South are the Pequets and Narraganfets.
Weflward Con7ie5licuts and Mowhacks. To the North-
ward Abergmians which confift of Mattachufets, Wippa-
naps and Tarrentines. The Pocanokets live to the Weft-
ward of Plimouth. Not long before the EnglifJi came into
the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongfl them,
efpecially where the E7igli/}i afterwards planted, the Eafl;
and Northern parts were fore fmitten with the Contagion;
firfl by the plague, afterwards when the EngliJJt came by

the

Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 97

the fmall pox, the three Kingdoms or SagamorJJiips of
the Mattachufets were very populous, having under them
feven Dukedoms or ^^\.\A-SaganiorJJiips, but by the plague
were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not many
now to the Eaftward, the Peqiwts were deflroyed by the
EngliJJi : the Mowhacks are about five hundred : Their
fpeech a diale(5l of the Tartar's, [p. 124.] (as alfo is the
TurkiJJi tongue) There is difference between Tongues
and Languages, the divifion of fpeech at Babet is moft
properly called Languages, the reft Tongues.

As for their perfons they are tall and handfome tim-
ber'd people, out-wrifted, pale and lean Tartariari vifag'd,
black eyed which is accounted the ftrongeft for fight, and
generally black hair'd, both fmooth and curl'd wearing of
it long. No beards, or very rarely, their Teeth are very
white, fhort and even, they account them the moft necef-
fary and beft parts of man ; And as the Ati/lreaiis are
known by their great lips, the Bavarians by their pokes
under their chins, the yezus by their goggle eyes, fo the
Indians by their flat nofes, yet are they not fo much de-
prefl: as they are to the Southward.

The Indcffes that are young, are fome of them very
comely, having good features, their faces plump and
round, and generally plump of their Bodies, as are the
men likewife, and as foft and fmooth as a mole-skin, of
reafonable good complexions, but that they dye them-
felves tawnie, many prettie Brownetto's and fpidcr finger'd
Laffes may be feen amongft them. The Vettilds or old
women are lean and uglie, all of them are of a modcft
demeanor, confidering their [p. 125.] Savage breeding;
and indeed do fliame our Englijh rufticks whofe rudenefs
in many things exceedeth theirs.

'3 Of

98 Jojfelyns Account of

Of dlfpofitlon ver}'- inconftant, crafty, timorous, quick
of apprehenfion, and very ingenious, foon angry, and fo
malicious that they feldom forget an injury, and barbar-
oufly cruel, witnefs their direful revenges upon one an-
other. Prone to injurious violence and flaughter, by rea-
fon of their bloud dryed up with overmuch fire, very
lecherous proceeding from choller adufl: and melancholy,
a fait and fliarp humour ; very fingurative or theevifli, and
bold importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty
of Mifoxenie or hatred to ftrangers, a quality appropri-
ated to the old Brittains, all of them Cannibals, eaters of
humane flefli. And fo were formerly the Heathen-Zr^^,
who ufed to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes and Wom-
ens Paps ; it feems it is natural to Savage people fo to
do. I have read in Relations of the Indians amongfl the
Spaniards that they would not eat a Spaniard till they
had kept him two or three dayes to wax tender, becaufe
their flefli was hard. At Martins vinyard, an Ifland that
lyes South to PlimotUh in the way to Virginia, certain
Indians (whilft I was in the Countrey) feifed upon a Boat
that put into [p. 126.] a V>y-Covc, kill'd the men and eat
them up in a fliort time before they were difcovered.

Their houfes which they call Wigwams, are built with
Poles pitcht into the ground of a round form for moffc
part, fometimes fquare, they bind down the tops of their
poles, leaving a hole for fmoak to go out at, the reft they
cover with the bark of Trees, and line the infide of their
Wigwams with mats made of Ruflies painted with feveral
colours, one good poft they fet up in the middle that
reaches to the hole in the top, with a flaff acrofs before it
at a convenient height, they knock in a pin on which they

hang

Tzuo Voyages to Neiu-Engla7id. 99

hang their Kettle, beneath that they fet up a broad ftone
for a back which keepeth the poft from burning ; round
by the walls they fpread their mats and skins where the
men fleep whilfl their women drefs their vi(5luals, they
have commonly two doors, one opening to the South,
the other to the North, and according as the wind fits,
they clofe up one door with bark and hang a Dears skin
or the like before the other. Towns they have none, be-
ing alwayes removing from one place to another for con-
veniency of food, fometimes to thofe places where one fort
of fifh is mofl plentiful, other whiles where others are. I
have feen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their Wigiuams to-
gether in a piece of ground and they fliew prettily, within
a day or two, or a week they have been all difperfed. They
live for the mofl part by the Sea-fide, efpecially in the
fpring and fummer quarters, in winter they are gone up
into the Countrie to hunt Deer and Beaver, the younger
webbs going with them. Tame Cattle they have none,
excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they
bring up to hunt with.

Wives they have two or three, according to the ability
of their bodies and ftrength of their concupifcence, who
have the eafiefl labours of any women in the world ; they
will go out when their time is come alone, carrying a
board with them two foot long, and a foot and half broad,
bor'd full of holes on each fide, having a foot beneath like
a Jack that we pull Boots off with, on the top of the board
a broad ftrap of leather which they put over their fore-
head, the board hanging at their back ; when they are
come to a Bufli or a Tree that they fancy they lay them
down and are delivered in a trice, not fo much as groaning

for

lOO yoffelyns Account of

for it, they wrap the child up in a young Beaver-'^\r\. with
his heels clofe to his britch, leaving a little hole if it be a
Boy for his Cock to peep out at ; and lace him down to
the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees refting upon
the foot beneath, then putting the ftrap of leather upon
their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back
home they trudge ; What other ceremonies they ufe
more than dying of them with a liquor of boiled Heinlock-
Bark, and their throwing of them into the water if they
fufpe6t the Child to be gotten by any other Nation, to fee
if he will fwim, if he fwim they acknowledge him for their
own, their names they give them when they are men
grown, and covet much to be called after our EngliJJi
manner, Robin, Harry, Phillip and the like, very indul-
gent they are to their Children, and their children fome-
times to their Parents, but if they live fo long that they
become a burden to them, they will either flarve them or
bury them alive, as it was fuppofed an Indian did his
Mother at Cafco in 1669.

Their Apparel before the EngliJJi came amongft them,
was the skins of wild Beafts with the hair on. Buskins of
Deers-'&^\Yi or Moofe drefh and drawn with lines into fev-
eral works, the lines being coloured with yellow, blew or
red, Pumps too they have, made of tough skins without
foles. In the winter when the fnow will bear them, they
faflen to their feet their fnow fliooes which are made like
a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] Tennis with, lacing
them with Z^^^-r^-guts and the like, under their belly they
wear a fquare piece of leather and the like upon their
pofheriors, both faftened to a firing tyed about them to
hide their fecrets ; on their heads they ware nothing : But

fmce

Two Voyages to Nezv-Engtand. loi

fince they have had to do with the Enghfli they purchafe
of them a fort of Cloth called trading cloth of which they
make Mantles, Coats with fliort fleeves, and caps for their
heads which the women ufe, but the men continue their
old fafliion going bare-headed, excepting fome old men
amongft them. They are very proud as appeareth by
their fettinsf themfelves out with white and blew Beads of
their own making, and painting of their faces with the
above mentioned colours, they weave fometimes curious
Coats with TnrHe feathers for their Children.

Their Diet is Fifli and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon
and Deer ; dry'd Oyflers, Lobjlers rofted or dryed in the
fmoak, Lamprcs and dry'd J/(9^-tongues, w^hich they
elteem a difli for a Sagamor\ hard eggs boiled and made
fmall and dryed to thicken their broth with, fait they have
not the ufe of, nor bread, their Indian Corn and Kidney
beans they boil, and fometimes eat their Corn parcht or
roafted in the ear againft the fire ; they feed likewife upon
earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of water-Lillies,
Chef-nuts, and divers forts of Berries. They beat their
Corn to powder and put it up into bags, which they make
ufe of when fiormie weather or the like will not fuffer
them to look out for their food. Pompions and water-
Mellons too they have good ftore ; they have prodigious
ftomachs, devouring a cruel deal, meer voragoes, never giv-
ing over eating as long as they have it, between meals
fpending their time in fleep till the next kettlefull is
boiled, when all is gone they fatisfie themfelves with a
fmall quantity of the meal, making it ferve as the frugal
bit amongft the old Britahis, which taken to the mounte-
nance of a Bean would fatisfie both thirft and hunger. If

they

I02 yojfelyns Account of

they have none of this, as fometimes it falleth out (being
a very carelefs people not providing againfl the ftorms of
want and tempeft of neceffity) they make ufe of Sir Fran-
cis Drakes remedy for hunger, go to fleep.

They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if
they be not cut off by their Children, war, and the plague,
which together with the fmall pox hath taken away abun-
dance of them. Pliny reckons up but 300 Difeafes in
and about man, latter writers Six thoufand, 236 belonging
to the eyes. There are not fo many Difeafes raigning
[p. 131.] amongft them as our Etiropeans. The great
pox is proper to them, by reafon (as fome do deem) that
they are Man-eaters, which difeafe was brought amongft
our Europeans firfl by the Spaniards that went with
Chrijlopher Columbus who brought it to Naples with their
Jndia7t-vfon\&n, with whom the Italians and French con-
verfed Anno Dom. 1493. Paracelfus faith it happened in
the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was not
known in Europe before Columbus his voyage to Amer-
ica. It hath continued amongft us above two hundred
and three fcore years. There are Difeafes that are proper
to certain climates, as the Leprofie to ^Egypt, fwelling of
the Throat or Mentegra to AJia, the fweating ficknefs to
the Inhabitants of the North ; to the Portugals the
Phthifick, to Savoy the mumps ; So to the We/l-Indies the
Pox, but this doth not exclude other Difeafes. In New-
England the Fidians are afiflicSled with peflilent Feavers,
Plague, Black-pox, Confumption of the Lungs, Falling-
ficknefs. Kings-evil, and a Difeafe called by the Spaniard
the Plague in the back, with us Empyema, their Phyfi-
cians are the Powaws or Indian Priefts who cure fome-
times

Two Voyages to New-England. 103

times by charms and medicine, but in a general infe6lion
they feldom come amongft them, [p. 132.] therefore they
ufe their own remedies, which is fweating, &c. Their
manner is when they have plague or fmall pox amongft
them to cover their Wigwams with Bark fo clofe that no
Air can enter in, lining them (as I faid before) within, and
making a great fire they remain there in a ftewing heat
till they are in a top fweat, and then run out into the Sea
or River, and prefently after they are come into their
Hutts again they either recover or give up the Ghoft ;
they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of
a Hell to fcare them, nor a Confcience to terrific them.
In times of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies
of burying, expofing their dead Carkafes to the Beafts of
prey. But at other times they dig a Pit and fet the dif-
eafed therein upon his breech upright, and throwing in
the earth, cover it with the fods and bind them down with
flicks, driving in two flakes at each end ; their mournings
are fomewhat like the bowlings of the haJJi, feldom at the
grave but in the Wigwam where the party dyed, blaming
the Devil for his hard heartednefs, and concluding with
rude prayers to him to afflict them no further.

They acknowledge a God who they call Squanta7n, but
worfliip him they do not, [p. 133.] becaufc (they fay) he
will do them no harm. But Abbamocho or Chcepie many
times fmites them with incurable Difeafes, fcares them
with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by reafon
whereof they live in a wretched conflernation worfliip-
ping the Devil for fear. One black Robin an Indian fit-
ting down in the Corn field belonging to the houfe where
I refided, ran out of his Wigwam frighted with the appa-
rition

I04 Joffelyiis Accoiuit of

rition of two Infernal fpirits in the fliape of Mohawkes.
Another time two Indians and an Indefs^ came running
into our houfe crying out they fliould ail dye, Cheepie was
gone over the field gliding in the Air with a long rope
hansfino: from one of his leo-s : we askt them what he was
like, they faid all wone EngliJJinian, clothed with hat and
coat, fliooes and ftockings, &€, They have a remarkable
obfervation of a flame that appears before the death of an
Indian or Englijli upon their Wigzuams in the dead of the
night : The firfl time that I did fee it, I was call'd out by
fome of them about twelve of the clock, it being a very
dark night, I perceived it plainly mounting into the Air
over our Church, which was built upon a plain little more
than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling houfe, on
the Northfide of the Church : look on [p. 1 34.] what fide
of a houfe it appears, from that Coaft refpe6tively you
fliall hear of a Coarfe within two or three days.

They worfliip the Devil (as I faid) their Priefts are called
Powaws and are little better than Witches, for they have
familiar conference with him, who makes them invulner-
able, that is fliot-free and flick-free. Craftie Rogues, abuf-
ing the refl at their pleafure, having power over them by
reafon of their Diabolical Art in curing of Difeafes, which
is performed wdth rude Ceremonies ; they place the fick
upon the ground fitting, and dance in an Antick manner
round about him, beating their naked breafts with a ftrong
hand, and making hideous faces, fometimes calling upon
the Devil for his help, mingling their prayers with horrid
and barbarous charms ; if the fick recover they fend rich
gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, Wumponipers, Mohacks,
Beaver skins, or other rich Furs to the Eaflward, where

there

Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 105

there is a vaft Rock not far from the fliore, having a hole
in it of an unfearchable profundity, into which they throw
them.

Their Theologie is not much, but queftionlefs they
acknowledge a God and a Devil, and fome fmall light
they have of the Souls immortality ; for ask them [p.
135.] whither they go when they dye, they will tell you
pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the white
mountains, and do hint at Noa/is Floud, as may be con-
ceived by a flory they have received from Father to Son,
time out of mind, that a great while agon their Counlrey
was drowned, and all the People and other Creatures in
it, only one Powaw and his Webb forefeeing the Floud,
fled to the white mountains carrying a hare along with
them and fo efcaped ; after a while the Powaw fent the
Hare away, who not returning emboldned thereby they
defcended, and lived many years after, and had many
Children, from whom the Countrie was filled again with
India7is. Some of them tell another flory of the Beaver,
faying that he was their Father.

Their learning is very little or none. Poets they are as
may be gheffed by their formal fpeeches, fometimes an
hour long, the laft word of a line riming with the lafl:
word of the following line, and the whole doth Co7iJlare
ex pedibus. Mufical too they be, having many pretty odd
barbarous tunes which they make ufe of vocally at mar-
riages and feaftings ; but Inftruments they had none be-
fore the EngliJJi came amongft them, fince they have
imitated them and will make out Kitts and firing them
as neatly, [p. 1 36.] and as Artificially as the befl Fiddle-
maker amongft us ; and will play our plain leffons very
'4 exadllv:

io6 yojjelyns Account of

exadlly: the only Fidler that was in the Province o^ Meyn,
when I was there, was an Indian called Scozway, whom
the Fifhermen and planters when they had a mind to be
merry made ufe of.

Arithmetick they skill not, reckoning to ten upon their
fingers, and if more doubling of it by holding their fin-
gers up, their age they reckon by Moons, and their ac-
tions by fleeps, as, if they go a journie, or are to do any
other bufmefs they will fay, three fleeps me walk, or two
or three fleeps me do fuch a thing, that is in two or three
days. Aftronomie too they have no knowledge of, feldom
or never taking obfervation of the Stars, Eclipfes, or Com-
ets that I could perceive ; but they will Prognoflicate
fhrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally
excellent Zenagogues or guides through their Countrie.

Their exercifes are hunting and fifhing, in both they
will take abundance of pains. When the fnow will bear
them, the young and luflie Indians, (leaving their pa-
poufes and old people at home) go forth to hunt Moo/e,
Deere, Bear and Beaver, Thirty or forty miles up into the
Countrey ; when they light upon a Moofe they run him
down, [p. 137.] which is fometimes in half a day, fome-
times a whole day, but never give him over till they have
tyred him, the fnow being ufually four foot deep, and the
Beaft very heavie he finks every fiep, and as he runs fome-
times bears down Arms of Trees that hang in his way,
with his horns, as big as a mans thigh ; other whiles, if
any of their dogs (which are but fmall) come near, yerk-
ing out his heels (for he ftrikes like a horfe) if a fmall
Tree be in the way he breaks it quite afunder with one
ftroak, at lafi: they get up to him on each fide and tranf-

pierce

Tiuo Voyages to New-England. 107

pierce him with their Lances, which formerly were no
other but a flaff of a yard and half pointed with a Fiflies
bone made fliarp at the end, but fmce they put on pieces
of fword-blades which they purchafe of the French, and
having a ftrap of leather faflned to the but end of the
flaff which they bring down to the midft of it, they dart
it into his fides, hceret latere lethalis arundo, the poor
Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a fpace, then
fmks and falls down like a ruined building, making the
Earth to quake ; then prefently in come the Victors, who
having cut the throat of the flain take off his skin, their
young webbs by this time are walking towards them with
heavie bags and kettles at their [p. 138.] backs, who lay-
ing down their burdens fall to work upon the Carkafs,
take out the heart, and from that the bone, cut off the left
foot behind, draw out the fmews, and cut out his tongue
&c. and as much of the Venifon as will ferve to fatiate
the hungry mawes of the Company ; mean w^hile the men
pitch upon a place near fome fpring, and with their fnow
fhoos fhovel the fnow away to the bare Earth in a circle,
making round about a wall of fnow ; in the midft they
make their Vulcan or fire near to a great Tree, upon the
fnags whereof they hang their kettles fil'd with the Ven-
ifon ; whilft that boils, the men after they have refreflit
themfelves with a pipe of Tobacco difpofe themfelves to
fleep. The women tend the Cookerie, fome of them fcrape
the flime and fat from the skin, cleanfe the fmews, and
flretch them and the like, when the venifon is boiled the
men awake, and opening of their bags take out as much
Indian meal as will ferve their turns for the prefcnt; they
eat their broth with fpoons, and their flefh they divide into

gobbets,

io8 yojfelyns Account of

gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as
they can hold betwixt three fingers; their drink they fetch
from the fpring, and were not acquainted with other, un-
til! the French and EngliJJi traded with that curfed liquor
[p. 1 39.] called Rum, Ru77i-bullio7i, or kill-Devil, which is
llronger than fpirit of Wine, and is drawn from the drofs
of Sugar and Sugar Canes, this they love dearly, and will
part with all they have to their bare skins for it, being per-
petually drunk with it, as long as it is to be had, it hath
killed many of them, efpecially old women who have dyed
when dead drunk. Thus inftead of bringing of them to
the knowledge of Chriftianitie, we have taught them to
commit the beaftly and crying fms of our Nation, for a
little profit. When the Indians have fluft their paunches,
if it be fair weather and about midday they venture forth
again, but if it be foul and far fpent, they betake them-
felves to their field-bed at the fign of the Star, expecting
the opening of the Eaftern window, which if it promife
ferenity, they trufs up their fardles, and away for another
Moofe, this courfe they continue for fix weeks or two
moneths, making their Webbs their Mules to carry their
luggage, they do not trouble themfelves with the horns of
Moofe or other Deer^ unlefs it be near an EngliJJi planta-
tion ; becaufe they are weighty and cumberfome. If the
EngliJJi could procure them to bring them in, they would
be worth the pains and charge, being fold in England
after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a Tun ;
the red heads oi Deer are the fairefl and fulleft of marrow,
and lighteft ; the black heads are heavie and have lefs
marrow ; the white are the worft, and the worfl nourilhed.
When the Indians are gone, there gathers to the Carkafs

Two Voyages to New-England. 109

of the Moofe thoufands of Mattrifes, of which there are
but few or none near the Sea-coafls to be feen, thefe de-
vour the remainder in a quarter of the time that they
were hunting of it

Their fifliing followes in the fpring, fummer and fall of
the leaf Firfi: for Lobjlers, Clams, Flouke, Lumps or Po-
dles, and Alewives ; afterwards for Bafs, Cod, Rock, Blew-
JiJJt, Salmon, and Lampres, &c.

The Lobjlers they take in large Bayes when it is low
water, the wind ftill, going out in their Birchen-Canows
with a ftaff two or three yards long, made fmall and fliar-
pen'd at one end, and nick'd with deep nicks to take
hold. When they fpye the Lobjler crawling upon the
Sand in two fathom water, more or lefs, they flick him
towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty
Lobjlers taken by an Indian lad in an hour and a half,
thus they take Flouke and Lumps ; Clams they dig out of
the Clam-banks upon the flats and in creeks when it is low
water, where they are bedded [p. 141.] fometimes a yard
deep one upon another, the beds a quarter of a mile in
length, and lefs, the Alewives they take with Nets like a
purfenet put upon a round hoop'd flick with a handle in
frefli ponds where they come to fpawn. The Ba/s and
Blew-fiJJi they take in harbours, and at the mouth of
barr'd Rivers being in their Canozus, flriking them with a
fifgig, a kind of dart or ftaff, to the lower end whereof
they faften a ftiarp jagged bone (fmce they make them of
Iron) with a ftring faftened to it, as foon as the fifli is ftruck
they pull away the ftaff, leaving the bony head in the
fifties body and faften the other end of the ftring to the
Ca7tow : Thus they will hale after them to fliore half a

dozen

no Joffelyns Account of

dozen or half a fcore great fillies : this way they take
Sturgeon ; and in dark evenings when they are upon the
fifliing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the Sturgeon
feeds upon fmall fifties (like Eats) that are called Lances
fucking them out of the Sands where they lye hid, with
their hollow Trunks, for other mouth they have none) the
Indian lights a piece of dry Birch-Bark which breaks out
into a flame & holds it over the fide of his Canow, the
Sturgeon feeing this glaring light mounts to the Surface
of the water where he is flain and taken with a fifgig.
Salmons and Lajnpres [p. 142.] are catch'd at the falls of
Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have two
or three defperate falls diftant one from another for fome
miles, for it being rifing ground from the Sea and moun-
tainous within land, the Rivers having their Originals
from great lakes, and hafining to the Sea, in their paffage
meeting with Rocks that are not fo eafily worn away, as
the loofe earthie mould beneath the Rock, makes a fall of
the water in fome Rivers as high as a houfe ; you would
think it fi:range to fee, yea admire if you faw the bold
Barbarians in their light Caiiows rufli down the fvvift and
headlong ftream with defperate fpeed, but with excellent
dexterity, guiding his Canow that feldom or never it fhoots
under water, or overturns, if it do they can fwim natu-
rally, firiking their pawes under their throat like a dog,
and not spreading their Arms as we do ; they turn their
Canow again and go into it in the water.

Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their
money, of thefe there are two forts blew Beads and white
Beads, the firfl is their Gold, the laft their Silver, thefe
they work out of certain fhells fo cunningly that neither

yew

Two Voyages to New-England. 1 1 1

Jeiv nor Devil can counterfeit, they dril them and ftring
them, and make many curious works with them to [p.
143.] adorn the perfons of their Sagamours and principal
men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Bor-
ders for their womens hair. Bracelets, Necklaces, and links
to hang in their ears. Prince Phillip a little before I
came for England coming to Bojlon had a Coat on and
Buskins fet thick with thefe Beads in pleafant wild works
and a broad Belt of the fame, his Accoutrements were
valued at Twenty pounds. The EngliJJi Merchant giveth
them ten fliillings a fathom for their white, and as much
more or near upon for their blew Beads. Delicate fweet
diflies too they make oi B ire hr Bark fowed with threads
drawn from Spru/e or white Cedar-Roots, and garniflied
on the out-fide with flouriflit works, and on the brims
with gliftering quills taken from the Porcupine, and dyed,
fome black, others red, the white are natural, thefe they
make of all fizes from a dram cup to a difli containing a
pottle, likewife Buckets to carry water or the like, large
Boxes too of the fame materials, difhes, fpoons and trayes
wrought very fmooth and neatly out of the knots of wood,
baskets, bags, and matts woven with Sparke, bark of the
Line-Tree and Ru/Jies of feveral kinds, dyed as before,
fome black, blew, red, yellow, bags of PorcMpi7ie quills
woven and dyed alfo ; Coats woven of [p. 144.] Turkie-
feathers for their Children, Tobacco pipes of ftone with
Imagerie upon them, Kettles o( Birchen-bark which they
ufed before they traded with the French for Copper Ket-
tles, by all which you may apparently fee that neceffity
was at firfl the mother of all inventions. The women are
the workers of mod of thefe, and are now, here and there

one

1 1 2 yoffelyns Account of

one excellent needle woman, and will milk a Cow neatly,
their richefl trade are Furs of divers forts, Black Fox,
Beaver, Otter, Bear, Sables, Mattrices, Fox, Wild-Cat, Rat-
toons, Martins, MufquaJJt, Moo/e-skins.

Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in
their Birchen-pinnaces, their Cajiows are made of Birch,
they fliape them with flat Ribbs of white Cedar, and cover
them with large flieets of Birch-bark, fowing them through
with ftrong threds of Sprufe-Roots or white Cedar, and
pitch them with a mixture of Turpentine and the hard
rofen that is dryed with the Air on the out-fide of the
Bark of Firr-Trees. Thefe will carry half a dozen or
three or four men and a confiderable fraight, in thefe they
fwim to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the
fliore a league or two, fometimes to fhorten their voyage
when they are to double a Cape they will put to fliore,
and [p. 145.] two of them taking up the Canoiu carry it
crofs the Cape or neck of land to the other flde, and to
Sea again ; they will indure an incredible great Sea,
mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of
Corke ; but they require skilful hands to guide them in
rough weather, none but the Indians fcarce dare to under-
take it, fuch like Veffels the Ancient Brittains ufed, as
Lucan relates.

Prhnum cana falix, madefaHo vimine, parvam
Texitur in ptippim, ccB/oqtie induta juvenco,
Veftoris patiens tumidum fuper emicat amnem.

Sic Venetus Jlag7iante Pado, fu/oque Britanus

Navigat oceano

When

Tivo Voyages to New-England. US

When Sicoris to his own banks rejlord

Had left the field, of tiuigs, and willow boord

They made fmall Boats, cover d with Bullocks hide,

In which they reacht the River's further fide.

So fail the Veneti if Padusy?bz£/,

The Brit tains fail on their calm ocean fo :

So the ALgyptians fail with woven Boats

Of paper rufJies in their ^^W.w.'s floats.

[p, 146.] Their Government is monarchical, the Patru-
eius or they that defcend from the eldeft proceeding from
his loyns, is the Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have
Daughters, his Son dying without a Son, the Government
defcends to his Daughters Son : after the fame manner,
their lands defcend. Cheetadaback was the chief Sachem
or Roytelet of the Maffachufets, when the Englifli firft fet
down there. Maffafoit, the great Sachem of the Plimouth
Indians, his dwelling was at a place called Sowans, about
four miles diftant from New-Plimouth. Safafacus was the
chief Sachem of the Pequots, and Mientoniack of the Nar-
raganfets. The chief Roytelet amongft the Mohazvks now
living, is a Dutchmans Baftard, and the Roytelet now of
the Poca7iakcts, that is the P limouth-Indians, is Prince
Philip alias Metacon, the Grandfon of Maffafoit. Amongft
the Eaftern Indians, Summerfant formerly was a famous
Sachem. The now living Sachems of note are Sabacca-
inan, Terrumkin and Robinhood.

Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the

Mowhawks are enemies to all the other Indians, their

weapons of Defence and Offence are Bowes and Arrowes,

of late he is a poor Ltdian that is not [p. 147.] mafter of

' two

114 Joffelyns Account of

two Guns, which they purchafe of the French, and pow-
der and fliot, they are generally excellent marks men ;
their other weapons are Tamahawks which are ftaves two
foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as
a bowl, and as big as that we call the Jack or Miftrifs.
Lances too they have made (as I have faid before) with
broken fword blades, like wife they have Hatchets and
knives ; but thefe are weapons of a latter date. They
colour their faces red all over, fuppofmg that it makes
them the more terrible, they are lufty Souldiers to fee to
and very ftrong, meer Hercules Riijlicufes, their fights are
by Ambufliments and Surprifes, coming upon one an-
other unawares. They will march a hundred miles
through thick woods and fwamps to the Mowhawks
Countrey, and the Mowhawks into their Countrey, meet-
ing fometimes in the woods, or when they come into an
Enemies Countrey build a rude fort with Pallizadoes, hav-
ing loop-holes out of which they flioot their Arrowes, and
fire their Guns, pelting at one another a w^ek or moneth
together ; If any of them ftep out of the Fort they are in
danger to be taken prifoners by the one fide or the other;
that fide that gets the victory excoriats the hair-fcalp of the
principal flain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in
Triumph, their prifoners they bring home, the old men
and women they knock in the head, the young women
they keep, and the men of war they torture to death as
the Eaftern Indians did two Mowhawks whilfl I was there,
they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before
him, then with fliarp knives they cut off the firft joynts
of his fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers
to fear the vains ; fo they cut him a pieces joynt after

joynt.

Two Voyages to New-England. 1 1 5

joynt, ftill applying hot Embers to the place to ftanch the
bloud, making the poor wretch to fing all the while ;
when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the skin of
their Heads, and prefently put on a Cap of burning Em-
bers, then they open his breaft and take out his heart,
which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their
old Squaes, who are every one to have a bite at it. Thefe
Barbarous Cufloms were ufed amongft them more fre-
quently before the EngliJIi came ; but fmce by the great
mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized
and converted to Chriftianity; there being three Churches
of Indians gathered together by the pains of Mr. yo/in
Eliot and his Son, who Preaches to them in their Native
language, and hath rendered the Bible in that Language
for the benefit of [p. 149.] the Indians. Thefe go clothed
like the EngliJli, live in framed houfes, have flocks of
Corn and Cattle about them, which when they are fat
they bring to the Englijh Markets, the Hogs that they
rear are counted the befl in Nezu-England. Some of their
Sons have been brought up Scholars in Harvard Col-
ledse, and I was told that there was but two Fellowcs in
that Colledge, and one of them was an Indian ; fome few
of thefe Chriftian Indians have of late Apoftatized and
fallen back to their old Superllition and courfc of life.

Thus much Ihall fuffice qowq.q.x\\\xi^ New-E^igland, as it
was when the Indians folely poffeft it. I will now pro-
ceed to give you an accompt of it, as it is under the man-
agement of the EngliJli ; but methinks I hear my fceptick
Readers muttering out of their fcuttle mouths, what will
accrew to us by this rambling logodiarce ? you do but
bring flraw into Egypt, a Countrey abounding with Corn.

Thus

ii6 yojjelyiis Accoii7it of

Thus by thefe Famacides who are fo minutely curious, I
am dejected from my hope, whilit they challenge the free-
dom of David's Ruffins, Our Tongues are our own, who-
fliall controll us. I have done what I can to pleafe you,
I have piped and you will not dance. I have told you as
ftrange things as ever you or your Fathers [p. 150.] have
heard. The Italian faith Chi vide tin miraculo facilmente
ne crede un altro, he that hath feen one miracle will eafilie
believe another, miranda canunt fed no7t credenda poetcu.
Oh I fee the pad, you never heard nor faw the like, there-
fore you do not believe me ; well Sirs I fliall not ftrain
your belief any further, the following Relation I hope will
be more tolerable, yet I could (it is poffible) infert as won-
derful things as any my pen hath yet gone over, and may,
but it muft be upon condition you will not put me to the
proof of it. N'emo tenehir ad impoffibilia, no man is
obliged to do more than is in his power, is a rule in law.
To be fliort ; if you cannot with the Bee gather the honey,
with the Spider fuck out the poyfon, as Sir John Davis
hath it.

The Bee and Spider by a divers power

Suck honey and poyfo7i from the felf fame flower.

I am confident you will get but little poyfon here, no
'tis the poyfon of Afps under your tongue that fwells you :
truly, I do take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spi-
ders, fuch as will not laudably imploy themfelves, nor fuf-
fer others ; you may well fay non amo hominem, fed 7ion
poffini [p. 151.] dicere qnare, unlefs it be becaufe I am
a Veroneffa, no Romancer. To conclude ; if with your

mother

Two Voyages to New-England. 1 1 7

mother wit, you can mend the matter, take pen in hand
and fall to work, do your Countrey fome fervice as I have
done according to my Talent. Henceforth you are to
expe6l no more Relations from me. I am now return'd
into my Native Countrey, and by the providence of the
Almighty, and the bounty of my Royal Soveraignefs am
difpofed to a holy quiet of ftudy and meditation for the
good of my foul ; and being bleffed with a tranfmentita-
tion or change of mind, and weaned from the world, may
take up for my word, non ejl mar tale quod op to. If what
I have done is thought uprears for the approvement of
thofe to whom it is intended, I fliall be more than meanly
contented.

Neiv-England was firft difcovered by JoJiii Cabota and
his Son Sebajlia7i in Anno Dom. 15 14. A further difcov-
ery afterwards was made by the honourable Sir Walter
Rawleigh Knight in Anno 1584. when as Virginia was
difcovered, which together with Mary-land, Ahiu-England,
Nova Scotia was known by one common name to the In-
dians, Wingandicoa, and by Sir Walter Rawleigh in hon-
our of our Virgin Queen, in whofe name he took poffef-
fion of it, Virginia. In [p. 152.] King James his Reign
it was divided into Provinces as is before named. In
1602. thefe north parts were further difcovered by Capt.
Bartholomezv Gofnold. The firft EngliJJi that planted
there, fet down not far from the Narraganfets-Bay, and
called their Colony Plimoidh, fince old Pliinontliy An.
Dom. 1602. Sir yohn Popham Lord chief Juftice author-
ized by his Majefty, King James, fent a Colony of Engli/Ji
to Sagadchock, An. 1606. Newfo7ind-la7id W2is difcovered
by one Andrew Thorn an Englilh man in Anno 1527.

Sir

ii8 JoJifelyns Account of

Sir Humphrey Gilbert a weft Countrey Knight took pof-
feffion of it in the Queens name, Anno 1582. The two
firfh Colonies in New-England faihng, there was a frefli
fupply of EnglifJi who fet down in other parts of the
Countrey, and have continued in a flourifliing condition
to this day.

The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies, and
for your better underftanding obferve, a Colony is a fort
of people that come to inhabit a place before not inhab-
ited, or Colonus quafi, becaufe they fliould be Tillers of
the Earth. From hence by an ufual figure the Countrey
where they fit down, is called a Colony or Plantation.

The firfi; of thefe that I fiiall relate of, though laft in
poffeffion of the EngliJJi, is now our moft Southerly Col-
ony, and next [p. 153.] adjoyning to Mary-la7id,fciL the
Manadacs or Manahanent lying upon the great River
Mohegan, which was firft difcovered by Mr. Hud/on, and
fold prefently by him to the Dutch without Authority
from his Soveraign the King of England, Amio 1608.
The Dutch in 16 14 began to plant there, and call'd it
New-Netherlands, but Sir Sa7nucl Argal Governour of
Virginia routed them, the Dutch after this got leave of
King James to put in there for frefli water in their paf-
fage to Brafile, and did not offer to plant until a good
while after the Englijli were fettled in the Countrey. In
Anno 1664 his Majeftie Charles the Second fent over four
worthie Gentlemen Commiffioners to reduce the Colonies
into their bounds, who had before incroached upon one
another, who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to
Manadaes or Manhataes took from the Dutch their chief
town then called New-Amjierdam, now New York ; the

Twenty

Two Voyages to New-E^tgland. 119

Twenty ninth oi Augnjl turn'cl out their Governour with
a filver leg, and all but thofe that were willing to acknowl-
edge fubje6tion to the King of England, fuffering them
to enjoy their houfes and eftates as before. Thirteen days
after Sir Robert Carr took the Fort and Town oi Aura-
nia now called Albany; and Twelve days after that, the
Fort and Town [p. 154.] of Awfapha, then De-la-ware
Caftle, man'd with Dutch and Szveeds. So now the Eng-
lijli are mafters of three handfome Towns, three ftrong
Forts and a Caftle, not lofing one man. The firft Gov-
ernour of thefe parts for the King of England was
Colonel Nicols, a noble Gentleman, and one of his Maj-
eflies Commiffioners, who coming for England in Anno
Doin. 1668 as I take it, furrendered the Government to
Colonel Lovelace.

The Countrey here is bleff'd with the richeft foil in all
New-England, I have heard it reported from men of
Judgement and Integrity, that one Bufliel of European-
Wheat hath yielded a hundred in one year. Their other
Commodities are Furs, and the like.

New-York is fituated at the mouth of the great River
Mohegan, and is built with Dutch Brick alla-moderna,
the mcaneft houfe therein being valued at One hundred
pounds, to the Landward it is compaffed with a Wall of
good thicknefs ; at the entrance of the River is an Ifland
well fortified, and hath command of any Ship that fhall
attempt to pafs without their leave.

Albany \'& fituated upon the fame River on the Wefl-
fide, and is due North from New- York fomewhat above
Fifty miles,

[p. 155.] Along the Sea-fide Eaftward are many Eng-

lijli-

I20 Joffelyns Accotint of

liJIt-Towns, as firft Wejichcjler, a Sea-Town about Twenty
miles from New-York ; to the Eaftward of this is Green-
wich, another Sea-Town much about the fame diftance ;
then CJiicheJier, Fairfield, St7'-atford, Milford, all Sea-
Towns twenty and thirty mile diftant from one another,
twenty miles Eaftward of Milfoj'-d is Newhaven the Me-
tropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. Eaton
being there Governour ; it is near to the flioals of Cape
Cod, and is one of the four united Colonies.

The next Sea-Town Eaftward of Newhaven is called
Guilford about ten mile, and I think belonging to that
Colony.

From Guilford to Conne^icut-^iw^r, is near upon
twenty miles, the frefh River Connecticut bears the name
of another Colony begun in the year 1636 and is alfo one
of the four united Colonies. Upon this River are fitu-
ated 13 Towns, within two, three & four miles off one
another. At the mouth of the River, on the Weft-fide is
the Lo7'd-Say, and Brooks fort, called Say brook-fort. Be-
yond this Northward is the Town of Windfor, then North-
ampton, then P infer s-houfe. On the Eaftfide of the River,
Hartford, about it low land well ftored with meadow and
very fertile. Wethersfield is [p. 156.] alfo fituated upon
Conne^icut River and Springfield ; but this Town al-
though here feated is in the jurifdiclion of the Mattachu-
fets, and hath been infamous by reafon of Witches therein.
Hadley lyes to the Northward of Springfield. Nezu-Lon-
don which I take to be in the jurifdiclion of this Coloney
is fituated to the Eaftward of ConneHicut River by a fmall
River, and is not far from the Sea. From Connefticut-
River lo?ig-I/land ftretcheth it felf to Alohegan one hun-
dred

Two Voyages to New-England, 121

dred and twenty miles, but it is but narrow and about fix-
teen miles from the main ; the confiderableft Town upon
it is Southampton built on the Southfide of the Ifland
towards the Eaftern end ; oppofite to this on the North-
ernfide is FeverJJiam, Weftward is Ajliford, Huntingdon,
&c. The Ifland is well ftored with Sheep and other Cat-
tle, and Corn, and is reafonable populous. Between this
Ifland and the mouth of Conne^ictit-R.\Y&v lyeth three
fmall Iflands, Shelter-IJland, FiJJiers-IJland, and the Ifle of
Wight. Over againfl New-London full South lyeth Block
IJlaiid.

The next place of note on the Main is Narraganfets-
Bay, within which Bay is Rhode IJland a Harbour for the
ShunamitiJJi Brethren, as the Saints Errant, the Quakers
who are rather to be efleemed Vagabonds, than Religious
perfons, &c.

[p. 157.] At the further end of the Bay by the mouth
of Narraga7i/ets-K\YQY, on the South-fide thereof was old
Plimouth plantation Anno 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea,
South of Rhode-I/land, lyeth Martins vineyard in the way
to Virginia, this Ifland is governed by a difcreet Gentle-
man Mr. Mayhew by name. To the Eaflward of Martins
vinyard lyeth Nantocket-IJland, and further Eaflward Eliz-
abeths-IJla7id, thefe Iflands are twenty or thirty mile afun-
der, and now we are come to Cape-Cod.

Cape-Cod was .fo called at the firft by Captain Go/nold
and his Company Anno Dom. 1602, becaufe they took
much of that fifli there ; and afterward was called Cape-
James by Captain Smith : the point of the Cape is called
Point-Cave and Tuckers Terror, and by the French and
Dutch Mallacar, by reafon of the perillous flioals. The
'^ firfl

122 yojffclyns Acconnt of

firft place to be taken notice of on the South-fide of the
Cape is Wc/is-W'^vhouY, the firil Sea-Town Sandwich for-
merly called Diixbiuy in the Jurifdiclion of New-Plim-
outh. Doubling the Cape we come into the great Bay,
on the Weft whereof is New-Plimouth-Bay, on the South-
weft-end of this Bay is fituated New Plimouth, the firft
Eng/i/Ii-Co\ony that took firm poffeffion in this Countrey,
which was in 1620, and the firft Town built [p. 158.]
therein, whofe longitude is 315 degrees, in latitude 41 de-
grees and 2)7 rninutes, it was built nine years before any
other Town, from the beginning of it to 1669 is juft forty
years, in which time there hath been an increafing of forty
Churches in this Colony (but many more in the reft,)
and Towns in all New-England one hundred and twenty,
for the moft j^art along the Sea-Coafts, (as being whol-
fomeft) for fomewhat more than two hundred miles :
onely on Conneclicut-^w^x (as I have faid) is thirteen
Towns not far off one another.

The other Towns of note in this Colony are Green-
Harbour to the Eaftward of Plimouth towards the point
of the Cape, & therefore fomewhat unacceffible by land,
here is excellent Timber for ftiipping ; then MarJJifield,
Yarmouth, Rehoboth, Bridgiuater, Warwick, Taunton,
Eajlham, by the Indians called Nam/et.

The firft Town Northeaft from Green-harbor is Sittuate
in the jurifdiction of the Mattachti/ets-CoXony, more
Northward of Sittuate is Conchttjfet and Hull a little
Burg lying open to the Sea, from thence we came to
Merton-point over againft which is Pullin-point. Upon
Merton-point (which is on the Larboard-fide) is a Town
called Nantafcot^ which is two Leagues from Bojlon,

where

T'wo Voyages to New-England. 123

where [p. 159.] Ships commonly caft Anchor. Pullin-
point is fo called, becaufe the Boats are by the feafing or
Roads haled againft the Tide which is very ftrong, it is
the ufual Channel for Boats to pafs into MattacJmfcts-
Bay.

There is an Ifland on the South-fide of the paffage
containing eight Acres of ground. Upon a rifing hill
within this Ifland is mounted a Caftle commanding the
entrance, no flately Edifice, nor ftrong ; built with Brick
and Stone, kept by a Captain, under whom is a mafler-
Gunner and others.

The Bay is large, made by many Iflands, the chief
B)eere-l{\3.nd, which is within a flight fliot of PuUin-point^
great ftore of Deere were wont to fwim thither from the
Main ; then iS'/rrt^- Ifland, 6^/<2/3-- Ifland, ^'Z^/^-Ifland, the
Governours Garden, where the firft Apple-Trees in the
Countrey were planted, and a vinyard ; then Ro2ind-li\-
and, and Noddks-\{\2ind not far from C/iarles-Town : moft
of thefe Iflands lye on the North-fide of the Bay.

The next Town to Naniafcot on the South-fide of the
Bay is Wiffagufet a fmall Village, about three miles from
Mo2i7tt-wollcJlon, about this Town the foil is very fertile.

Within fight of this is Motint-wollejloii or Merry-moiint^
called MaJ/acku/ets-hoXds, [p. 160.] where Chicatabat the
greatefl; Sagamore of the Countrey lived before the
plague ; here the Town of Braintree is feated, no Boat
nor Ship can come near to it, here is an Iron mill; to the
Weft of this Town is Napo7ifet River.

Six miles beyond Braintree lyeth DorchcJIcr, a frontire
Town pleafantly feated, and of large extent into the main
land, well watered with two fmall Rivers, her body and

winirs

124 Jojfelyns Account of

wings filled fomewhat thick with houfes to the number of
two hundred and more, beautified with fair Orchards and
Gardens, having alfo plenty of Corn-land, and fiore of
Cattle, counted the greateft Town heretofore in New-
England, but now gives way to B0JI071, it hath a Harbour
to the North for Ships.

A mile from Dorchejier is the Town of Roxbury, a fair
and handfome Countrey Town, the flreets large, the In-
habitants rich, replenilhied with Orchards and Gardens,
well watered with fprings and fmall frefliets, a brook runs
through it called Smelt-'^w^x, a quarter of a mile to the
North-fide of the Town runs flony River : it is feated in
the bottom of a fliallow Bay, but hath no harbour for
fliipping. Boats come to it, it hath fi:ore of Land and
Cattle.

Two miles Northeaft from Roxbury, and [p. 161.] Forty
miles from New-Plimotith, in the latitude of 42 or 43 de-
grees and 10 minutes, in the bottom of Maffachufets-Bay
\sBoJion (whofe longitude is 315 degrees, or as others will
322 degrees and 30 feconds.) So called from a Town in
Lincolnjliire, which in the Saxons time bare the name of
St. Botolph, and is the Metropolis of this Colony, or rather
of the whole Countrey, fituated upon a Peninfula, about
four miles in compafs, almoft fquare, and invironed with
the Sea, faving one fmall IJlhmtis which gives accefs to
other Towns by land on the South-fide. The Town hath
two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next
the Sea, the one well fortified on the fuperficies with fome
Artillery mounted, commanding any Ship as flie fails into
the Harbour within the fiill Bay ; the other hill hath a
very fl:rong battery built of whole Timber and fill'd with

earth,

Two Voyages to New-England. 125

earth, at the defcent of the hill in the extreameft part
thereof, betwixt thefe two flrong Arms, lyes a large Cove
or Bay, on which the chiefefl part of the Town is bu ilt
to the Northweft is a high mountain that out-tops all,
with its three little rihng hills on the fummit, called
Tramount, this is furniflied with a Beacon and great
Guns, from hence you may [p. 162.] overlook all the Ifl-
ands in the Bay, and defcry fuch Ships as are upon the
Coaft : the houfes are for the moft part raifed on the Sea-
banks and wharfed out with great induftry and coft, many
of them {landing upon piles, clofe together on each fide
the ftreets as in London, and furniflied with many fair
fliops, their materials are Brick, Stone, Lime, handfomely
contrived, with three meeting Houfes or Churches, and a
Town-houfe built upon pillars where the Merchants may
confer, in the Chambers above they keep their monethly
Courts. Their ftreets are many and large, paved with
pebble ftone, and the South-fide adorned with Gardens
and Orchards. The Town is rich and very populous,
much frequented by flrangers, here is the dwelling of
their Governour. On the North-weft and North-eaft two
conftant Fairs are kept for daily Trafifick thereunto. On
the South there is a fmall, but pleafant Common where
the Gallants a little before Sun-fet walk with their Mar-
;;^«/^/-Madams, as we do in Morefields, &c. till the nine a
clock Bell rings them home to their refpedive habita-
tions, when prefently the Conftables walk their rounds to
fee good orders kept, and to take up loofe people. Two
miles from the town, [p. 163.] at a place called Muddy-
River, the Inhabitants have Farms, to which belong rich
arable grounds and meadows where they keep their Cat-
tle

126 Joffelyns Accotint of

tie in the Summer, and bring them to BoJIon in the Win-
ter; the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships
and other Veffels for moft part of the year.

Hingham is a Town fituated upon the Sea-coafls,
South-eaft of Charles-River : here is great flore of Tim-
ber, deal-boards, mafts for Ships, white-Cedar, and fifli is
here to be had.

Dedham an inland town ten miles from Bojloii in the
County of Suffolk well watered with many pleafant
ftreams, and abounding with Garden fruit ; the Inhabi-
tants are Husband-men, fomewhat more than one hundred
Families, having flore of Cattle and Corn.

The Town of WaymoutJi lyes open to the Sea, on the
Eafl; Rocks and Swamps, to the South-ward good ftore of
Deer^ arable land and meadows.

On the North-fide of Bojion flows Charles-River, which
is about fix fathom deep, many fmall Iflands lye to the
Bayward, and hills on either fide the River, a very good
harbour, here may forty Ships ride, the paffage from Bof-
toii to Charles-Town is by a Ferry worth forty or fifty
pounds a [p. 164.] year, and is a quarter of a mile over.
The River Mi/lick runs through the right fide of the
Town, and by its near approach to Charles-River in one
place makes a very narrow neck, where flands moft part
of the Town, the market-place not far from the waterfide
is furrounded with houfes, forth of which iffue two ftreets
orderly built and beautified with Orchards and Gardens,
their meeting-houfe ftands on the North-fide of the mar-
ket, having a little hill behind it ; there belongs to this
Town one thoufand and two hundred Acres of arable,
four hundred head of Cattle, and as many Sheep, thefe
alfo provide themfelves Farms in the Country.

Two Voyages to New-England. 127

Up higher in Charles-River weft-ward is a broad Bay-
two miles over, into which runs Stony-River and Muddy-
River.

Towards the South-weft in the middle of the Bay is a
great Oyfter-bank, towards the North-weft is a Creek ;
upon the fliore is fituated the village of Medford, it is a
mile and half from Charles-town.

At the bottom of the Bay the River begins to be nar-
rower, half a quarter of a mile broad ; by the North-fide
of the River is Neiv-town, three miles from Charles-tozun,
a league and half by water, it was firft [p. 165.] intended
for a City, the neatefl and befl compa6ted Town, having
many fair ftru6lures and handfom contrived ftreets ; the
Inhabitants rich, they have many hundred Acres of land
paled with one common fence a mile and half long, and
ftore of Cattle ; it is now called Cambridge where is a
Colledg for Students of late ; it flretcheth from Charles-
River to the Southern part of Merriinach-River.

Half a mile thence on the fame fide of the River is
Water-town built upon one of the branches of Charles-
River, very fruitful and of large extent, watered with
many pleafant fprings and fmall Rivulets, the Inhabitants
live fcatteringly. Within half a mile is a great pond di-
vided between the two Towns, a mile and half from the
Town is a fall of frefli waters which conveigh themfelves
into the Ocean through Charles-River, a little below the
fall of waters they have a wair to catch fifli, wherein they
take flore oi Baffe, Shades, Alwives, Frojl-Jijli, and S^nelts,
in two tides they have gotten one hundred thou find of
thefe fiflies. They have flore of Cattle and Sheep, and
near upon two thoufand Acres of arable land, Ships of
fmall burden may come up to thefe Towns.

128 JoJJely^is Accotmt of

[p. 1 66.] We will now return to Charles-town again,
where the River Mijiick runs on the North-fide of the
Town (that is the right fide as beforefaid) where on the
North weft-fide of the River is the Town of Mi/lick, three
miles from Charles-town^ a league and half by water, a
fcattered village ; at the head of this River are great and
fpacious ponds, full of Alewives in the fpring-time, the
notedft place for this fort of filli. On the Weft of this
River is Merchant Craddock's plantation, where he im-
paled a park.

Upon the fame River and on the North-fide is the
Town of Maiden.

The next Town is Winnijimet a mile from Charles-
town, the River only parting them, this is the laft Town
in the ftill bay of Majfachtifets.

Without Pullin-point, fix miles North-eaft from Winni-
jimet is Cawgujl, or Sagujl, or Sa7igtU now called Linn, fit-
uated at the bottom of a Bay near a River, which upon the
breaking up of winter with a furious Torrent vents it felf
into the Sea, the Town confifts of more than one hundred
dwelling-houfes, their Church being built on a level unde-
fended from the North-weft wind is made with fleps de-
fcending [p. 167] into the Earth, their ftreets are ftraight
and but thin of houfes, the people mofl hufbandmen. At
the end of the Sandy beach is a neck of land called Na-
hant^ it is fix miles in circumference. Black William an
Indian Duke out of his generofity gave this to the Eng-
liJJi. At the mouth of the River runs a great Creek into
a great marfli called Rtimney-m.^x'^, which is four miles
long, and a mile broad, this Town hath the benefit of
minerals of divers kinds. Iron, Lead, one Iron mill, ftore
of Cattle, Arable land and meadow.

Two Voyages to New-England. .129

To the North-ward oi Linn is Marvil ox Marble-head, a
fmall Harbour, the lliore rockie, upon which the Town is
built, confifting of a few fcattered houfes ; here they have
flages for fifliermen. Orchards and Gardens, half a mile
within land good paftures and AralSle land.

Four miles North of Marble-head is fituated New-Salem
(whofe longitude is 315 degrees, and latitude 42 degrees
35 minutes) upon a plain, having a River on the South,
and another on the North, it hath two Harbours, Winter
Harbour and Summer Harbour w^hich lyeth within Dar-
bies fort, they have flore of Meadow and Arable, in this
Town are fome very rich Merchants.

[p. 168.] Upon the Northern Cape of the Maffachufets,
that is Cape-Ann, a place of fifhing is fituated, the Town
of Glocejler where the Majfachufets Colony firft fet down,
but Salem was the firft Town built in that Colony, here is
a Harbour for Ships.

To the North-ward of Cape-Ann is Wonafquam, a dan-
gerous place to fail by in ftormie weather, by reafon of the
many Rocks and foaming breakers.

The next Town that prefents it felf to view is Ipfwich
fituated by a fair River, whofe firft rife is from a Lake or
Pond twenty mile up, betaking its courfe through a hid-
eous Swamp for many miles, a Harbour for Bears, it iffu-
eth forth into a large Bay, (where they fifli for Whales)
due Eaft over againft the Ifiands of Sholes a great place
of fifhing, the mouth of that River is barr'd ; it is a good
haven-town, their meeting-houfe or Church is beautifully
built, ftore of Orchards and Gardens, land for hufbandry
and Cattle.

Wenham is an inland Town very well watered, lying
17 between

130 JoJ[ely7is Account of

between Saie^n and Ipfivich, confifteth moft of men of
judgment and experience in re rujlica, well ftored with
Cattle. At the firft rife of Ip/wich-'River in the higheft
part of the land near the head [p. 169.] fprings of many
confiderable Rivers ; ShaJJiin one of the moft confider-
able branches of Merrimach-KiN&v, and alfo at the rife of
Mijiic k-Riv^r, and ponds full of pleafant fprings, is fitu-
ated Wooburn an inland-Town four miles fquare begin-
ning: at the end of Charles-town bounds.

Six miles from Ipfwich North-eaft is Rowley, moft of
the Inhabitants have been Clothiers.

Nine miles from Salem to the North is Agowamine, the
beft and fpacioufeft place for a plantation, being twenty
leagues to the Northward of New-Plimouth.

Beyond Agowamhi is fituated Hampton near the Sea-
coafts not far from Merrimach-^w^x, this Town is like a
Flower-deluce, having two ftreets of houfes wheeling off
from the main body thereof, they have great ftore of fait
Marflies and Cattle, the land is fertil, but full of Swamps
and Rocks.

Eight miles beyond Agowamin runneth the delightful
River Merrimack or Momimach, it is navigable for twenty
miles, and well ftored with fifli, upon the banks grow
ftately Oaks, excellent Ship timber, not inferiour to our
EngliJJt.

On the South-fide of Merrimack-RivQr [p. 1 70.] twelve
miles from Ipfwich, and near upon the wide venting
ftreams thereof is fituated Newberrie, the houfes are fcat-
tering, well ftored with meadow, upland, and Arable, and
about four hundred head of Cattle.

Over againft Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury,

where

Tzvo Voyages to New-England. 131

where a conftant Ferry is kept, the River being here half
a mile broad, the Town fcatteringly built.

Hard upon the River of ShaJJmi where Merrimack
receives this and the other branch into its body, is feated
Andover, ftored with land and Cattle.

Beyond this Town by the branch of Merrijnac k-^iv^r
called Ska/kin, lyeth Haverhill, a Town of large extent
about ten miles in length, the inhabitants Husbandmen,
this Town is not far from Salisbury.

Over againft Haverhill lyeth the Town of Maiden,
which I have already mentioned.

In a low level upon a frefli River a branch of Merri-
7nach is feated Concord, the firft inland Town in Majfa-
chufets patent, well ftored with fifli, Salmon, Dace, Ale-
wive, Shade, &c. abundance of frefli marfli and Cattle,
this place is fubje6l to bitter ffcorms.

[p. 171.] The next town is Sudbury built upon the
fame River where Concord is, but further up ; to this
Town likewife belons^s orreat ftore of frefli marflies, and
Arable land, and they have many Cattle, it lyeth low, by
reafon whereof it is much indammaged with flouds.

In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond fide,
and not far from Woeburn, is fituated Reading, it hath
two mills, a faw-mill and a Corn-mill, and is well ftockt
with Cattle.

The Colony is divided into four Counties, the firft is
Suffolk, to which belongs Dorchejler, Roxbury, Waymouth,
Hingham, Dedliam, Braintre, Sittuate, Hull, Nantafcot,
Wi/aguffeL The fecond County is Middle/ex, to this be-
longs Charles-town, Water-town, Cambridge, Co7icord, Sud-
bury, Woeburn, Reading, Maiden, Mijlick, Medford, Win-

nifwiet

1^2

yojfelyns Account of

nijimet and Marble-head. To the third County which is
Effex, belongs New-Salem, Lhtn, Ip/wich, New-Berry,
Rowley, Gloccjler, Wenham and Andover. The fourth
County is Northfolk, to this belongs Salisbury, Hampton
and HaverhilL

In the year of our Lord 1628, Mr. John Endicot with
a number oiEngliJli people fet down by Cape- Ann at that
place called [p. 172.] afterwards Glojler, but their abiding-
place was at Salem, where they built a Town in 1639. and
there they gathered their firft Church, confifting but of
Seventy perfons ; but afterwards increafed to forty three
Churches in joynt Communion w^ith one another, and in
thofe Churches were about Seven thoufand, feven hun-
dred and fifty Souls, Mr. Endicot was chofen their firft
Governour.

The Twelfth of July Ajino Dom. 1630. John Wcnthorp
Efq ; and the affiftants, arrived with the Patent for the
MaJfacJmfets, the paffage of the people that came along
with him in ten Veffels came to 95000 pound: the Swine,
Goats, Sheep, Neat, Horfes coft to tranfport 1 2000 pound,
befides the price they coft them ; getting food for the
people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted
to 45000 pound : Nails, Glafs, and other Iron work for
their meeting and dwelling houfes 13000 pound; Arms,
Powder, Bullet, and Match, together with their Artillery
22000 pound, the whole fum amounts unto One hundred
ninety two thoufand pounds. They fet down firft upon
Noddles-I/land, afterwards they began to build upon the
main. In 1637. there were not many houfes in the Town
of [p. 173.] Bojlon, amongft which were two houfes of
entertainment called Ordinaries, into which if a ftranger

went.

Two Voyages to New-England. 133

went, he was prefently followed by one appointed to that
Office, who would thruft himfelf into his company unin-
vited, and if he called for more drink than the Officer
thought in his judgment he could foberly bear away, he
would prefently countermand it, and appoint the propor-
tion, beyond which he could not get one drop.

The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rofewcll, Sir
John Young Knight, Thomas ' Southcoat^ John HiLmphrey,
yohii Efidicot, and Simon Whitecomb^ and to their Heirs,
Affigns, and Affociats for ever. Thefe took to them other
Affociats, as Sir Richard Saltonjlall, Ifaac yohiifon, Sam-
uel A Ider/ey, Jo. Vcn, Matth. Craddock, George Harwood^
Increafe Nowell, Rich. Perry, Rich. Bellingham, Nathan-
iel Wright, Samuel Vafell, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas
Goffe, Tho7nas Adams, yo. Brown, Samuel Brown,
Thomas Hutchins, Will. V of ell. Will. Pinchon and George
Foxcroft. Matth. Craddock was ordained and conftituted
Governour by Patent, and Thomas Goffe Deputy Gov-
ernour of the faid Company, the reft Affiftants.

That part of New-England granted to [p. 1 74.] thefe
fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between
a great River called Monumach, alias Merrimach, and the
often frequented Charles-River, being in the bottom of a
Bay called Majfachufets, alias Mattachu/ets, alias Ma/-
fatufets-bay ; and alfo thofe lands within the fpace of
three Englijli miles, on the South part of the faid
Charles-River, or any or every part, and all the lands
within three miles to the South-ward part of the Majfa-
chufets-bay, and all thofe lands which lye within the fpace
of three Englijli miles to the North-ward of the River
Merrimach, or to the North-ward of any and every part

thereof,

134 Joffelyns Account of

thereof, and all lands whatfoever within the limits afore-
faid, North and South, in latitude, and in breadth and
length and longitude of and within all the main land
there, from the Atlantick and Weftern-Sea and Ocean on
the Eaft-part, to the South-Sea on the Weft-part, and all
lands and grounds, place and places, foils, woods and
wood-groves. Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, filliings and
Hereditaments whatfoever lying within the aforefaid lands
and limits, and every part and parcel thereof, and alfo all
Iflands lying in America aforefaid in the faid Seas, or
either of them on the Weftern or Eaftern [p. 175.] Coafts
or parts of the faid tra6ts of lands. Alfo all mines and
minerals as well Royal of Gold, Silver, as others &c.
With power to rule and govern both Sea and land,
holden of the Eaft manner of Greenwich in Com. Kent,
in free and common foccage, yielding and paying to the
King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which
fliall be found at any time.

This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fa6l
by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mat-
tachufets-bay in New-England.

That there fliall be one Governour, and Deputy-Gov-
ernour, and Eighteen Affiftants of the fame Company
from time to time.

That the Governour and Deputy-Governour, Affiftants
and all other Officers to be chofen from amongft the free-
men, the laft Wcdnefday in Eajier-i^xvcv yearly in the gen-
eral Court.

The

Two Voyages to New-England. 135

The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true
and faithful to the Government, and to give the fame
Oath to the other Officers.

[p. 1 76.] To hold a Court once a month, and any feven
to be a fufficient Court.

And that there fhall be four general Courts kept in
Term time, and one great general and folemn Affembly
to make Laws and Ordinances ; So they be not contrary
and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of
England. Their form of Government and what their
Laws concern, you may fee in the enfuing Table.

Their

136

Jojffelyiis Account of

[P- I77-]

1-1

^ ■<

I Magi-
ftiates. ■<

'Governour

' ! Counfellers.

Affi-
ftants.

2 Judges

People.

r I of the
I whole Coun-
J trey,
j 2 of each
j Town, Gori-
ly cerning.

Ci The
piiblick
' I Civil J State, or
Sc they | 2 Parti-
concern cular per-
1 Ions.

. i

2 Cri-
minal.

Whether
between
the mem-
bers of
their own
Common-
wealth &
they are.

f I either
of Tref-

I paffes
or
2 of
Capital

^Crimes.

'2 be-
tween
Burgefles
and the
, people, ^

I and for- |
raign
Nations,
whether

l_in cafe

1 of the whole
Countrey.

2 of each Town.

^ I for their prote-

ftion.

2 for their provi-
1 fion.

their lands.

2 their Treafure.

' I in their perfonal
Inheritances, and
proprieties

2 In
their
mutu-
al

com-
merce,
whe-
ther in
_way

f I Of
buying
and fel-
ling.

2 [.end-
ing and
bor-
rowing.

I That we do them wrong.
] 2 That they do us wrong.

[p. 178.] Anno Dom. 1646. they drew up a body of
their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth,
as they not long fmce termed it.

The military part of their Commonwealth is governed

Two Voyages to Nciu- England. 137

by one Major-General, and three Serjeant Majors ; to the
Major-General belongeth particularly the Town oi Bof-
ton, to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Coun-
ties, but with fubmiffion to the Major-General. The firft
Serjeant Major chofen for the County of Suffolk was Ma-
jor Gibbons. For the County of Middle/ex Major Sedg-
wick. For the County of Effex and Northfolk Major
Denifon.

Every Town fends two Burgeffes to their great and fol-
emn general Court.

For being drunk, they either whip or impofe a fine of
Five fliillings ; fo for fwearing and curfing, or boring
through the tongue with a hot Iron.

For kiffing a woman in the ftreet, though in way of
civil falute, whipping or a fine.

For Single fornication whipping or a fine.

For Adultery, put to death, and fo for witchcraft.

An Engliffi woman fuffering an Indian to have carnal
■knowledge of her, had an Indian cut out exa6lly in red
cloth fewed [p. 1 79.] upon her right Arm, and injoyned
to wear it twelve moneths.

Scolds they gag and fet them at their doors for certain
hours, for all comers and goers by to gaze at.

Stealing is puniflied with refloring four fould, if able ;
if not, they are fold for fome years, and fo are poor
debtors.

If you defire a further infpedtion to their Laws, I muft
refer you to them being in print, too many for to be in-
ferted into this Relation.

The Governments of their Churches are Independent

and Presbyterial, every Church (for fo they call their par-

'^ ticular

138 yojjelyns Acco7i7it of

ticular Congregations) have one Pallor, one Teacher, Rul-
ing Elders and Deacons.

They that are members of their Churches have the
Sacraments adminiflred to them, the reft that are out of
the pale as they phrafe it, are denyed it. Many hundred
Souls there be amongit them grown up to men & wom-
ens eftate that were never Chriflened.

They judge every man and woman to pay Five fliil-
lings/^r day, who comes not to their Affemblies, and im-
pofe fines of forty fliillings and fifty Ihillings on fuch as
meet together to worfliip God.

[p. 180.] Quakers they Vv^hip, banifli, and hang if they
return again.

Anabaptifts they imprifon, fine and weary out.

The Government both Civil and Ecclefiaftical is in the
hands of the thorow-pac'd Independents and rigid Pres-
byterians.

The grofe Goddons, or great mafters, as alfo fome of
their Merchants are damnable rich ; generally all of their
judgement, inexplicably covetous and proud, they receive
your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their tran-
fcendency, which is a fault their Clergie are alfo guilty of,
whofe living is upon the bounty of their hearers. On
Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the
people in the Galleries come down and march two a breaft
up one He and down the other, until they come before
the desk, for Pulpit they have none : before the desk is a
long pue where the Elders and Deacons fit, one of them
with a mony box in his hand, into which the people as
they pafs put their offering, fome a fliilling, fome two fliil-
lings, half a Crown, five fliillings according to their abil-

ity

Tivo Voyages to Nezu- England. 139

ity and good will, after this they conclude with a Pfalm ;
but this by the way.

The chiefefh obje6ts of difcipline, Religion, [p. 181.]
and morality they want, fome are of a Linjie-wooljie
difpofition, of feveral profeffions in Religion, all like
Aithiopians white in the Teeth only, full of ludification
and injurious dealing, and cruelty the extreameft of all
vices. The chiefeft caufe of N'oali's floud, Prov. 27. 26.
Agni erant ad vejlihim tutmi, is a frequent Text among
them, no trading for a ftranger with them, but with a Grcs-
cian faith, which is not to part with your ware without
ready money, for they are generally in their payments re-
cufant and flow, great Syndics, or cenfors, or controllers
of other mens manners, and favagely fa6lious amongft
themfelves.

There are many flrange women too, (in Salomons
fence) more the pitty, when a woman hath loft her Chaf-
tity, flie hath no more to lofe.

But miflake me not to general fpeeches, none but the
guilty take exceptions, there are many fmcere and relig-
ious people amongfl them, defcryed by their charity and
humility (the true Characters of Chriftianity) by their
Zenodochie or hofpitality, by their hearty fubmiffion to
their Soveraign the King of England, by their diligent
and honeft labour in their callings, amongfl thefe we may
account the Royalifls, who are lookt upon with an evil
eye, and [p. 182.] tongue, boulted or punifhcd if they
chance to lafli out ; the tame Indian (for fo they call
thofe that are born in the Countrey) are pretty lioneft too,
and may in good time be known for honeft Kings men.

They have ftorc of Children, and are well accommo-
dated

140 yoffelyns Accotmt of

dated with Servants ; many hands make Hght work, many
hands make a full fraught, but many mouths eat up all,
as fome old planters have experimented ; of thefe fome
are Englijli, others Negroes : of the Eiiglijli there are can
eat till they fweat, and work till they freeze ; & and of the
females that are like Mrs. Winters paddocks, very tender
fino;erd in cold weather.

There are none that beg in the Countrey, but there be
Witches too many, bottle-bellied Witches amongfl the
Quakers, and others that produce many ftrange appari-
tions if you will believe report, of a Shallop at Sea man'd
with women ; of a Ship, and a great red Horfe ftanding
by the main-maft, the Ship being in a fmall Cove to the
Eaft-ward vaniflied of a fuddain. Of a Witch that ap-
peared aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mar-
iner who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her
head with it, the Witch dying of the wound at home, with
fuch like bugbears and Terriculamentaes.

[p. 183.] It is publiflied in print, that there are not much
lefs than Ten hundred thoufand fouls EnglifJi, Scotch and
IrifJi in New-Ejigland.

Mofl of their firft Magiftrates are dead, not above two
left in the MaJ/achu/ets, but one at PlimotUh, one at Con-
ne£licut^ and one at New-haven^ they having done their
generation work are laid afleep in their beds of reft till
the day of doom, there and then to receive their reward
according as they have done be it good or evil. Things
of great indurance we fee come to ruine, and alter, as
great Flouds and Seas dryed up ; mighty hills and moun-
tains funk into hollow bottoms : marvel not then that man
is mortal, fnice his nature is unconflant and tranfitory.

The

Two Voyages to New-England. 141

The Difeafes that the EngliJJi are affli6led with, are the
fame that they have in England, with fome proper to
New-England, griping of the belly (accompanied with
Feaver and Ague) which turns to the bloudy-flux, a com-
mon difeafe in the Countrey, which together with the
fmall pox hath carried away abundance of their children,
for this the common medicines amongft the poorer fort
are Pills of Cotton fwallowed, or Sugar and Sallet-oyl
boiled thick and made into Pills, Allocs pulverized [p.
184.] and taken in the pap of an Apple. I helped many
of them with a fweating medicine only.

Alfo they are troubled with a difeafe in the mouth or
throat which hath proved mortal to fome in a very fliort
time, Quinfies, and Impoftumations of the Almonds,
with great diftempers of cold. Some of our New-Eng-
land writers affirm that the Engli/h are never or very
rarely heard to fneeze or cough, as ordinarily they do
in England, which is not true. For a cough or flitch
upon cold, Wormwood, Sage, Marygolds, and Crabs-claws
boiled in poffet-drink and drunk off very warm, is a fover-
aign medicine.

Pleurifies and Empyemas are frequent there, both cured
after one and the fame way ; but the laft is a defperate
difeafe and kills many. For the Pleurifie I have given
Coriander-iQ^di prepared, Carduus feed, and Harts-horn
pulverized with good fuccefs, the dofe one dram in a cup
of Wine.

The Stone terribly afiflicls many, and the Gout, and
Sciatica, for which take Onions roafted, peeled and ftampt,
then boil them with neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaifter,
and apply it to the hip.

Head-

142 yojjelyns Account of

Head - aches are frequent, Palfies, Dropfies, Worms,
Noli-me-tangeres, Cancers, [p. 185.J peftilent Feavers.
Scurvies, the body corrupted with Sea-diet, Beef and Pork
tainted. Butter and Cheefe corrupted, fifh rotten, a long
voyage, coming into the fearching fliarpnefs of a purer
climate, caufeth death and ficknefs amongft them.

Men and Women keep their complexions, but lofe
their Teeth : the Women are pittifuUy Tooth-fliaken ;
whether through the coldnefs of the climate, or by fweet-
meats of which they have ftore, I am not able to affirm,
for the Toothach I have found the following medicine
very available, Brimftone and Gunpowder compounded
with butter, rub the mandible with it, the outfide being
firfl warm'd.

For falling off of the hair occafioned by the coldnefs of
the climate, and to make it curl, take of the ftrong water
called Rhum and wafli or bath your head therewith, it is
an admirable remedie.

For kibed heels, to heal them take the yelloweft part
of Rozen, pulverize it and work it in the palm of your
hand with the tallow of a Candle to a falve, and lay of it
to the fore.

For frozen limbs, a plaifter framed with Soap, Bay-falt,
and Moloffes is fure, or Cow-dung boiled in milk and
applyed.

For Warts and Corns, bathe them with Sea-water.

[p. 1 86.] There was in the Countrey not long fmce liv-
ing two men that voided worms feven times their length.
Likewife a young maid that was troubled with a fore
pricking at her heart, ftill as flie lean'd her body, or ftept
down with her foot to the one fide or the other ; this maid

during

Two Voyages to New-England. 143

during her diftemper voided worms of the length of a
finger all hairy with black heads ; it fo fell out that the
maid dyed ; her friends defirous to difcover the caufe of
the diftemper of her heart, had her open'd, and found two
crooked bones growing upon the top of the heart, which
as file bowed her body to the right or left fide would job
their points into one and the fame place, till they had
worn a hole quite through. At Cape-Porpjcs lived an
honefi poor planter of middle-age, and firong of body, but
fo extreamly troubled with two lumps (or wens as I con-
jectured) within him, on each fide one, that he could not
refi; for them day nor night, being of great weight, and
fwagging to the one fide or the other, according to the
motion or pofture of his body ; at laft he dyed in Anno
1668 as I think, or thereabouts. Some Chirurgeons there
were that proffered to open him, but his wife would not
affent to it, and fo his difeafe was hidden in the Grave.

[p. 187.] It is the opinion of many men, that the black-
nefs of the Negroes proceeded from the curfe upon Chanis
pofterity, others again will have it to be the property of
the climate where they live. I pafs by other Philofophi-
cal reafons and skill, only render you my experimental
knowledge : having a Barbarie-moor under cure, whofc
finger (prickt with the bone of a fifli) was Impoftumatcd,
after I had lanc'd it and let out the Corruption the skin
began to rife with proud flefli under it ; this I wore away,
and having made a found bottom I incarnated it, and then
laid on my skinning plaifter, then I perceived that the
Moor\\2idi one skin more than E7igliJJimen\ the skin that
is bafied to the flefii is bloudy and of the fame Azure col-
our with the veins, but deeper than the colour of our Eu-
ropeans

144 yoj/elyns Account of

ropeans veins. Over this is an other skin of a tawny col-
our, and upon that Epidermis or C^iticiila, the flower of
the skin (which is that Snakes cafl) and this is taw^ny alfo,
the colour of the blew skin mingling with the tawny
makes them appear black. I do not peremptorily affirm
this to be the caufe, but fubmit to better judgment. More
rarities of this nature I could make known unto you, but
I haften to an end ; only a word or two of our EngliJJi
Creatures and then to Sea again.

[p. 1 88.] I have given you an Account of fuch plants
as profper there, and of fuch as do not ; but fo briefly,
that I conceive it neceffary to afford you fome what more
of them. Plantain I told you fprang up in the Coun-
trey after the Engli/li came, but it is but one fort, and that
is broad-leaved plantain.

Gillifloivers thrive exceedingly there and are very large,
the Collibuy or humming - Bird is much pleafed with
them. Our EngliJIt dames make Syrup of them without
fire, they fteep them in Wine till it be of a deep colour,
and then they put to it fpirit of Vitriol, it will keep as
Ions: as the other.

Eglantine or fweet Bryer is beft fowen with ytmiper-
berries, two or three to one Eglantine-berry put into a hole
made with a ftick, the next year feparate and remove
them to your banks, in three years time they will make a
hedge as high as a man, which you may keep thick and
handfome with cutting.

Our EngliJJi Clover-grafs fowen thrives very well.

Radiflies I have feen there as big as a man's Arm.

Flax and Hemp flourifli gallantly.

Our Wheat i. e. fummer Wheat many [p. 189.] times

changeth

Two Voyages to Neiu-England. 145

changeth into Rye, and is fubje6t to be blafted, fome fay
with a vapour breaking out of the earth, others, with a
wind North-eaft or North-weft, at fuch time as it flowereth,
others again fay it is with hghtning. I have obferved,
that when a land of Wheat hath been fmitten with a blaft
at one Corner, it hath infected the reft in a weeks time, it
begins at the ftem (which will be fpotted and goes up-
wards to the ear making it fruitlefs) : in 1669 the pond
that lyeth between Water-town and Cambridge, caft its
fifti dead upon the ftiore, forc't by a mineral vapour as
was conje(fl;ured.

Our fruit-Trees profper abundantly. Apple-trees, Pear-
trees, Quince-trees, Cherry-trees, Plum-trees, Barberry-trees.
I have obferved with admiration, that the Kernels fown
or the Succors planted produce as fair & good fruit, with-
out grafting, as the Tree from whence they were taken :
the Countrey is replenifhed with fair and large Orchards.
It was aftirmed by one Mr. Woolcut (a magiftrate in Con-
ne^licut Colony) at the Captains Meffe (of which I was)
aboard the Ship I came home in, that he made Five hun-
dred Hogflieads of Syder out of his own Orchard in one
year. Syder is very plentiful in the Countrey, ordinarily
fold for Ten fhillings a Hogftiead. At the [p. 190.] Tap-
houfes in BoJlo7i I have had an Ale-quart fpic'd and
fweetned with Susrar for a eroat, but I fliall infert a more
delicate mixture of it. Take of Maligo-Raifons, ftamp
them and put milk to them, and put them in an Hippo-
eras bag and let it drain out of it felf, put a quantity of
this with a fpoonful or two of Syrup of Clovc-Gilliflowcrs
into every bottle, when you bottle your Syder, and your
Planter will have a liquor that exceeds pajfada, the Nec-
tar of the Countrey.

• 9 The

146 Jojfelyiis Account of

The Quinces^ Cherries, Damfons, fet the Dames a work,
Marmalad and preferved Damfons is to be met with in
every houfe. It was not long before I left the Countrey
that I made Cherry wine, and fo may others, for there are
good flore of them both red and black.

Their fruit-trees are fubjecfl to two difeafes, the vl/^^-s'^/f,
which is when they are burned and fcorched with the
Sun, and lowfmefs, when the wood-peckers job holes in
their bark : the way to cure them when they are lowfie is
to bore a hole into the main root with an Augur, and
pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum, and then ftop it
up with a pin made of the fame Tree.

The firfl Neat carried thither was to [p. 191.] N'ew-
Plimouth Anno 1624 thefe thrive and increafe exceed-
ingly, but grow lefs in body than thofe they are bred of
yearly.

Horfes there are numerous, and here and there a good
one, they let them run all the year abroad, and in the
winter feldom provide any fother for them, (except it be
Magiftrates, great Mafters and Troopers Horfes) which
brings them very low in flefli till the fpring, and fo creft
fallen, that their crefts never rife again. Here I firft met
with that excrefcence called Hippomanes, which by fome
is faid to grow on the forehead of a foal new caft, and
that the Mare bites it off as foon as foaled ; but this is but
a fable. A neighbour at Black-point having a Mare with
foal, tyed her up in his Barn, the next day flie foaled, and
the man ftanding by fpied a thing like a foals tongue to
drop out of the foals mouth, which he took up and pre-
fented me with it, telling me withall, that he had heard
many wonderful things reported of it, and that it was

rank

Two Voyages to New-England. 147

rank poyfon. I accepted of it gladly and brought it home
with me, when it was dry, it lookt like Glew, but of a dark
brown colour ; to omit all other ufes for it, this I can af-
fure you that a piece of it foakt in warm water or cold,
will take fpots out of wollen Clothes being rub'd thereon.

[p. 192.] Goats were the firfl fmall Cattle they had in
the Countrey, he was counted no body that hacl not a
Trip or Flock of Goats : a hee-Goat gelt at Michaelmas
and turn'd out to feed will be fat in a moneths time, & is
as good meat as a weather. I was taught by a Bai^bary
Negro a medicine which before I proceed any further I
will impart unto you, and that was for a fwelling under
the throat. Take Goats hair and clay and boil them in
fair water to a poultis, and apply it very warm.

Sheep now they have good ftore, thefe and Goats bring
forth two, fometimes three Lambs and Kids at a time.

Hoggs are here innumerable, every planter hath a
Heard, when they feed upon fliell-fifli and the like, as
they do that are kept near the Sea and by the fifliers
ftages, they tafl fifliie and rank ; but fed with white Oak-
Acorns, or Indian-Qoxw and Peafe there is not better
Pork in the whole world : befides they fometimes have
the Meazels, which is known when their hinder legs are
fliorter than ordinary.

Catts and Dogs are as common as in England, but our
Dogs in time degenerate; yet they have g2i\\m\t Dogs both
for fowl & wild Beafts all over the Countrey : the Indians
ftore themfelves with them, being much [p. 193.] better
for their turns, than their breed of wild dogs, which are
(as I conceive) like to the Tajfo-o.-^m^^ or mountain dogs
in Italy.

148 Joffelyns Account of

Of EnglifJi Poultry too there is good ftore, they have
commonly three broods in a year ; the hens by that time
they are three years old have fpurs like the Cock, but not
altogether fo big, but as long, they ufe to crow often,
which is fo rare a thing in other Countries, that they have
a proverb Gallina recinit a Hen crowes. And in England
it is accounted ominous ; therefore our Farmers wives
as foon as they hear a Hen crow wring off her neck,
and fo they ferve "their fpur'd Hens, becaufe they fhould
not break their Eggs with their fpurs when they fit. In
the year 1637. which was when I went my firft Voyage to
New-England a good woman brought aboard with her a
lufty Cock and Hen that had horns like fpurs growing out
on each fide of their Combs, but flie fpoiled the breed, kill-
ing of them at Sea, to feed upon, for Ihe loved a frefli bit.
In Aimo 164^. Certain Indians coming to our houfe
clad in Deere-skin coats, defired leave to lodge all night
in our kitchin, it being a very rainie feafon, fome of them
lay down in the middle of the Room, and others under
the Table, in the morning they [p. 194.] went away before
any of the people were up ; the poultry had their break-
faft ufually in cold weather in the kitchin, and becaufe
they fliould not hinder the paffing of the people too and
again, it was thrown under the Table ; in the afternoon
they began to hang the wing, in the night the fickeft
dropt dead from the perch, and the next day moft of them
dyed ; we could not of a fudden ghefs at the caufe, but
thought the Indians had either bewitched, or poyfoned
them ; it came at laft into my head, feeing their Crops
very full, or rather much fwell'd, to open them, where I
found as much Deers hair as Corn, they that pickt up
none of the hair lived and did well.

Two Voyages to New-E^igland. 149

In the year 1667. Oclobcr the 7th amongft our poultry
we had one white game Cock of the Fre7ich kind, a bird
of high price, when he was three years old he drooped
and his fpirit was quite gone ; one of our Negro maids
finding him in the yard dead brought him into the houfe
and acquainted me with it. I caufed her to draw him,
when his guts were all drawn out flie put in her hand
again and felt a lump in his body as big as a half-peny
loaf, flrongly faftned to his back, and much ado ihe had
to pull it out ; I found it to be a tuff bag, containing fluff
like liver, and very heavie, at one end [p. 195.] of the bag,
another little bag filled with a fatty matter, his gizard,
liver, and heart wafied. The Pipe or Roupe is a common
difeafe amongft their poultry infecting one another with
it. I conceive it cometh of a cold moifture of the brain,
they will be very fleepie with it, the beft cure for it is Gar-
lick, and fmoaking of them with dryed Hyfope.

In September following my Arrivage in the Majfachii,-
fets about the twelfth hour of the eight day, I fliipt my
felf and goods in a Bark bound to the Eaft-ward, meeting
as we failed out the Dutch Governour of New-Nether-
lands, who was received and entertained at Bojloii by the
Governour and Magiftrates with great folemnity. About
nine of the clock at night we came to Salem and lay
aboard all night.

The Ninth day we went afliore to view the Town which
is a mile long, and lay that night at a Merchants houfe.

The Tenth day we came from Salem about twelve of
the clock back to Marble-head : here we went afliore and
recreated our felves with Mufick and a cup of Sack and
faw the Town, about ten at night we returned to our
Bark and lay aboard.

The

150 Jq/felyiis Acco74nt df

The Eleventh being Saturday, and the wind contrary,
we came to Charlcs-tozmi, [p. 196.] again about twelve
of the clock we took ftore of Mackarel.

The Thirteenth being Monday, we went aboard again
about nine of the clock in the morning and out to Sea,
about Sun going down we took ftore of Mackarel. The
wind was fcanty all along, and in the night time we durft
not bear much fail, becaufe of the Rocks and foaming
breakers that lay in our way.

The Fourteenth day we came up with Pafcataway, or
Pafcafiquc, where there is a large River and a fair har-
bour, within here is feated a Colony, properly belonging
to the Heirs of Captain Ma/on fometime fmce of Lon-
don ; but taken into the Colony of Majfaclmfets, by what
right I will not here difcufs.

The chiefeft places of note are the Bay or HarboiLv
North from Bojion, on the Wefl-fide of the Harbour are
built many fair houfes, and fo in another part called
Strawberry-bank.

By the Harbour is an Ifland which of late days is filled
with buildings, befides there are two Towns more feated
up higher upon the River, the one called Dover \ the
River-banks are clothed with flately Timber, and here are
two miles meadow land and arable enouo'h ; the other
town is called Excejier.

[p. 197.] At the ^\M^x Pafcataway begins the Province
of Main : having pleafed our felves with the fight of Paf-
cataway at a diftance we failed on, and came to Black-
point.

The Fifteenth day, about eight of the clock at night,
where the next day I was flirewdly pinclud with a great

frofi,

Two Voyages to New-England. 151

frolt, but having two or three bottles of excellent Paffada,
and good cheer bellowed upon me I made a fliift to bear
it out, and now we are in the Province of Main.

The Province of Main, (or the Countrey of the Tra-
quoes) heretofore called Laconia or New-Sttmme7'fct/Jiire,
is a Colony belonging to the Grandfon of Sir Ferdinando
Gorges of AJJito7t Phillips in the County of Sommer/el,
the faid Sir Ferdinando Gorges did expend in planting
feveral parts of New-England above Twenty thoufand
^OMnA^Jierling ; and when he was between three and four
fcore years of age did perfonally engage in our Royal
Martyrs fervice ; and particularly in the Seige of Brijlow,
and was plundered and imprifoned feveral times, by reafon
whereof he was difcountenanced by the pretended Com-
miffioners for forraign plantations, and his Province in-
croached upon by the MaJJachufets Colony, who affumed
the Government thereof. His Majeflie that now Reign-
eth fent over his [p. 198.] Commiffioners to reduce them
within their bounds, and to put Mr. Gorges again into
poffeffion. But there falling out a conteft about it, the
Commiffioners fettled it in the Kings name (until the bufi-
nefs fliould be determined before his Majeftie) and gave
Commiffions to the Judge of their Courts, and the Juf-
tices to Govern and Adl according to the Laws of Eng-
land, 8c by fuch Laws of their own as were not repugnant
to them ; But as foon as the Commiffioners were returned
for England, the Maffachufets enter the province in a hof-
tile manner with a Troop of Horfe and Foot and turn'd
the Judge and his Affiflants off the Bench, Imprifoned
the Major or Commander of the Militia, thrcatncd the
Judge, and fome others that were faithful to Mr. Gorges

intercfls

152 , Jojfelyns Account of

interefls. I could difcover many other foul proceedings,
but for fome reafons which might be given, I conceive it
not convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears ; &
quce fiipra nos iiihil ad nos. Onely this I could wifli, that
there might be fome confideration of the great loffes,
charge and labour which hath been fuftained by the
Judge, and fome others for above thirty years in uphold-
ing the rights of Mr. Gorge and his Sacred Majeflies Do-
minion againft a many ftubborn and elufive people.

[p. 199.] Aniio Dom. 1623. Mr. Robert Gorge, Sir
Ferdmando Gorges brother had for his good fervice
granted him by Patent from the Council of Plimouth all
that part of the Land commonly called MaJ/ac/mJiack,
fituated on the North-fide of the Bay of Majfaclmfets.

Not long after this Sir Ferdinando Gorges had granted
to him by Patent from the middefl of Merrimack-^wox to
the great River Sagadekock, then called Laconia.

In 1635. Capt. William Gorge, Sir Ferdinando s
Nephew, was fent over Governour of the Province of
Main, then called New-Summer/etJIiire.

Sir Ferdi7iando Gorge received a Charter-Royal from
King Charles the firft the third of Api'il in the Fifttenth
of his Raign, granting to him all that part and portion of
New-England, lying and being between the River oiPaf-
cataway, that is, beginning at the entrance oi Pafcataway-
harbour, and fo to pafs up the fame into the River of
Newichawanoe or Neqhechewanck, and through the fame
unto the fartheft head thereof aforefaid, North-eaftward
along the Sea-coafts, for Sixty miles to Sagadehoc-'^w^x
to Kenebeck, even as far as the head thereof, and up into
the main land North-weftward for the fpace of one hun-
dred

Two Voyages to New-England. 153

dred and twenty [p. 200.] miles. To thefe Territories are
adjoyned the North half-Ifle of Sholes, with feveral other
Iflands, it lyeth between 44 degrees and 45 of Northerly
latitude. The River Canada on the North-eaft the Sea
coaffc South, amongfl many large Royalties, Jurifdi6lions
and Immunities was alfo granted to the faid Sir Ferdina7ido
Gorge, the fame Royalties, priviledges and franchifes as
are, or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bifliop of
Dui^ham in the County Palatine oi Durham \ the planters
to pay for every hundred Acres of land yearly, two fliil-
lings fix pence, that is fuch land as is given to them and
their Heirs for ever.

The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour, a
Chancellor, a Treafurer, a Marflial for Souldiers, an Ad-
miraltie for Sea affairs, and a Judge of the Admiraltie, a
Mafter of Ordinance, a Secretary, &c.

Towns there are not many in this province. Kittery
fituated not far from Pafcataway is the moft populous.

Next to that Eaftward is feated by a River near the Sea
Gorgiana, a Majoraltie, and the Metropolitan of the prov-
ince.

Further to the Eaflward is the Town of Wells.

Cape-Porpus Eaflward of that, where there is a Town
by the Sea fide of the fame name, [p. 201.] the houfes
fcatteringly built, all thefe Towns have flore of fait and
frefli marfli with arable land, and are well flockt with
Cattle.

About eight or nine mile to the Eaft-ward of Cape-Por-
pus, is Wi7tter harbour, a noted place for Fifliers, here
they have many ftages.

Saco adjoyns to this, and both make one fcattering
^° Town

154 Jojfelyns Accouiit of

Town of large extent, well ftored with Cattle, arable land
and marflies, and a Saw-mill.

Six mile to the Eaftward of Saco & forty mile from
Gorgiana is feated the Town of Black point, confifting of
about fifty dwelling houfes, and a Magazine or Doganne^
fcatteringly built, they have ftore of neat and horfes, of
flieep near upon Seven or Eight hundred, much arable
and marfli fait and frefli, and a Corn-mill.

To the Southward of the point (upon which are flages
for fifliermen) lye tw^o fmall Iflands beyond the point,
North-eaflward runs the River Spurzuinch.

Four miles from Black-point, one mile from Sptirwinch-
River Eaftward lyeth Richnans-IJland, whofe longitude is
317 degrees 30 feconds, and latitude 43 degrees and 34
minutes, it is three mile in circumference, and hath a paff-
able and gravelly ford on the [p. 202.] North-fide, be-
tween the main and the Sea at low-water : here are found
excellent Whetftones, and here likewife are ftages for fifli-
ermen.

Nine mile Eaftward of Black-point lyeth fcatteringly
the Town of Cafco upon a large Bay, ftored with Cattle,
Sheep, Swine, abundance of marfli and Arable land, a
Corn-mill or two, with ftages for fifliermen.

Further Eaft-ward is the Town oi Kenebeck feated upon
the River.

Further yet Eaft-ward is Sagadekock, where there are
many houfes fcattering, and all along ftages for fifliermen,
thefe too are ftored with Cattle and Corn lands.

The mountains and hills that are to be taken notice of,
are firft Acomcnticus hills, between Kettery and Gorgiana,
the high hills of OJfapey to the Weft-ward of Saco River,

where

Two Voyages to New-Englajid. 155

where the princely Pilhanaw Ayries, the white moun-
tains, to the North-ward of Black-point, the higheft Ter-
rajfe in New-England, you have the defcription of it in
my Treatife of the rarities oi New-England.

A Neighbour of mine raflily wandering out after fome
flray'd Cattle, lofl his way, and coming as we conceived
by his Relation near to the head fpring of fome of the
branches of Black-point River or Saco-^w^x, [p. 203.]
light into a Tradl of land for God knowes how many
miles full of delfes and dingles, and dangerous precipices,
Rocks and inextricable difficulties which did juflly daunt,
yea quite deter him from endeavouring to pafs any fur-
ther : many fuch like places are to be met with in Nezu-
England.

The ponds or lakes in this province are very large and
many, out of which the great Rivers have their original ;
we read of the lake Balfena that is thirty miles about,
here are that come very near to it, ftored with all forts
of frefh water fifh ; and if you will believe report, in
one of them huge fiflies like Whales are to be feen, and
fome of them have fair Iflands in them. Twelve mile
from Cafco-bay, and paffable for men and horfes, is a lake
called by the Indians Sebug, on the brink thereof at one
end is the famous Rock fliap'd like a Moofe-Deere orHelk,
Diaphanous, and called the Moofe-Rock. Here are found
ftones like Cryftal, and Lapis Specularis or Mu/covia glafs
both white and purple.

On the Eaft-fide of Black-point River, upon a plain,
clofe to the Sea-bank is a pond two mile in compafs, fifli
it produceth, but thofe very fmall and black, and a num-
ber of Frogs and Snakes, and much [p. 204.] frequented

156 Jojfelyns Account of

by wild-fowl, Ducks, Teal, and ^'AA-Swins, and Geefe, ef-
pecially fpring and fall when they pafs along to the South-
ward, and return again to the North-ward where they
breed.

The principal Rivers in the province oi Main, are Paf-
cataway-River, Vork-River, Kemdunc k-RWer, near to this
River clay bullets were caft up by a mineral vapour, this
River is by the Town of JVe//s. Then Saco-RivQY on the
Eaft-fide of the Town, the fhore Rockie all along on both
fides, where mufick echoes from feveral places : feven
miles up the River is a great fall where abundance of
Salmon and Lamprons are taken at the fall ; a great way
up, the River runs upon the Rock, in rupibus defendendo
efficit vivos, he cutteth out Rivers among the Rocks, faith
Job, of the Almighty, Job 28. 10. A little above the fall
is a faw-mill. Then Black-poi7it-R\weY divided into many
branches ; this as moft of the Rivers in Neiv-England, is
bar'd with a bank of Sand, where the Indians take Stur-
geon and Bajfe. Spur-winck-R\vtr is next, which by his
near approach to Black-point-xw&x maketh that neck of
land almoft an Ifland. Further Eaft-ward is Kenebeck-
river fifty leagues off of New-Plimouth Eaft-ward, and
Pechipfcut famous [p. 205.] for multitudes of mighty large
Sturgeon. The lafl river of the province Eaft-ward is the
great river Sagadehock where Sir John Pophams Colony
feated themfelves.

The chief harbours are Cape-porpus, Wi^iter harbour,
in which are fome fmall Iflands, B lack-point, Ric/mmns-
IJland, Cafco-bay the largeft in the province full of Iflands.

From Sagadehock to Nova-Scotia is called the Duke of
Yorkes province, here Pemmaquid, Montinicus, Mohegan,

Capeanawhagen,

Two Voyages to New-England. 157

Capeanawhageji, where Capt. Smith fiflit for Whales ;
Mtifcataquid, all fill'd with dwelling houfes and ftages for
fifhermen, and have plenty of Cattle, arable land and
marfhes.

Nova Scotia was fold by the Lord Starling to the
French, and is now wholly in their poffeffion.

Now we are come to New-found-land, which is over
againfl the gulf of St. Lawrence, an Ifland near as fpa-
cious as Ireland, and lyeth diftant from the Continent as
far as England is from the neareft part oi France, and
near half the way between Ireland and Virginia, its lon-
gitude is 334 degrees 20 feconds, and North latitude 46
degrees 30 minutes, or as others will 53 minutes. The
longitude of places are uncertainly reported, but in latitudes
mofl agree, [p. 206.] Longitude is the diflance of the me-
ridian of any place from- the meridian which pafjeth over
the Ifles of Azores, where the beginning of longitude is f aid
to be. The meridian is a great circle dividing the Equi-
no^ial at right Angles into two equal parts, pafjfing alfo
through both the Poles, and the Zenith, to which circle the
Sun coming twice every 24 hours, maketh the middle of the
day, and the middle of the night. Every place hath a fev-
eral me^^idian, btit they all meet in the poles of the world.
Latitude is counted from the Equino^ial to the end of 30
degrees on each fide thereof The Equinoctial is a great
circle imagined in the Heavens, alfo dividing the heavens
into two equal parts, and lying jujl i^i the 7niddle betwixt
the two poles, being in compafs from Wefl to Eafl, 360 de-
grees, every degree thereof on the terrefirial Globe valuing
20 EnglifJi miles, \leagues ? ] or 60 miles.

Into the Bay of St. Lawrence the River of St. Lawrence

158 yojfelyns Account of

or Canada difimbogues it felf, a River far exceeding any
River in the elder world, thirty or forty mile over at the
mouth, and in the Channel one hundred fathom deep ; it
runs on the back-fide of New-Ejigland and Virginia : the
French (it is faid) have gone up fix weeks voyage in it,
and have not yet difcovered the fpring-head : the longi-
tude is 334 degrees [p. 207.] 11 feconds, in 50 degrees 21
minutes of North latitude. This may fatisfie a modeft
Reader, and I hope yield no offence to any. I fliall onely
fpeak a word or two of the people in the province of
Main and the Dukes province, and fo conclude.

The people in the province of Main may be divided
into Magiftrates, Husbandmen, or Planters, and fiflier-
men ; of the Magiftrates fome be Royalills, the reft per-
verfe Spirits, the like are the planters and fifliers, of which
fome be planters and fifliers both, others meer fifliers.

Handicrafts-men there are but few, the Tumelor or
Cooper, Smiths and Carpenters are beft welcome
amongft them, fliop-keepers there are none, being fup-
plied by the Maffachufets Merchants with all things they
ftand in need of, keeping here and there fair Magazines
ftored with Englijh goods, but they fet exceffive prices on
them, if they do not gain Cent per Cent, they cry out that
they are lofers, hence EngliJJi fliooes are fold for Eight
and Nine fliillings a pair, worfted ftockins of Three fliil-
lings fix pence a pair, for Seven and Eight fliillings a pair,
Douglafs that is fold in England for one or two and
twenty pence an ell, for four fliillings a yard, Serges of
two fliillings or three fliillings a yard, for Six and Seven
[p. 208.] fliillings a yard, and fo all forts of Commodities
both for planters and fifliermen, as Cables, Cordage,

Anchors,

Two Voyages to New-England. 159

Anchors, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Canvas for fails, &c. Bis-
ket twenty five fliillings a hundred, Salt at an exceffive
rate, pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a
barrel (with which they fpeed not fo well as the waggifli
lad at Cape-porpus, who baited his hooks with the drown'd
Negro s buttocks) fo for Pork and Beef

The planters are or fiiould be refllefs pains takers, pro-
viding for their Cattle, planting and fowing of Corn, fenc-
ing their grounds, cutting and bringing home fuel, cleav-
ing of claw-board and pipe-ftaves, fifliing for frefli water
fifh and fowling takes up mofl; of their time, if not all; the
diligent hand maketh rich, but if they be of a droanifli
difpofition as fome are, they become wretchedly poor and
miferable, fcarce able to free themfelves and family from
importunate famine, efpecially in the winter for want of
bread.

They have a cuftom of taking Tobacco, fleeping at
noon, fitting long at meals fome-times four times in a day,
and now and then drinking a dram of the bottle extraor-
dinarily : the fmoaking of Tobacco, if moderately ufed
refreflieth the weary much, and fo doth fieep.

[p. 209.] A Traveller five hours doth crave
To Jleep, a Student /even will have,
A nd nine fiecps every Idle knave.

The Phyfitian allowcs but three draughts at a meal, the
firfi; for need, the fecond for pleafure, and the third for
fleep ; but little obferved by them, unlefs they have no
other liquor to drink but water. In fome places where
the fprings are frozen up, or at leafl the way to their
fprings made unpaffable by rcafon of the fnow and the

like,

i6o yojjelyris Account of

like, they drefs their meat in Aqua Ccelejlis, i. e. melted
fnow, at other times it is very well cook't, and they feed
upon (generally) as good fieili, Beef, Pork, Mutton, Fowl
and fifli as any is in the whole world befides.

Their Servants which are for the moft part EngliJJt,
when they are out of their time, will not work under half
a Crown a day, although it be for to make hay, and for
lefs I do not fee how they can, by reafon of the dearnefs
of clothing. If they hire them by the year, they pay
them Fourteen or Fifteen pound, yea Twenty pound at
the years end in Corn, Cattle and fifli : fome of thefe
prove excellent fowlers, bringing in as many as will main-
tain their mailers houfe ; befides the profit that accrews
by their feathers, [p. 210.] They ufe (when it is to be
had) a great round fliot, called Barjlable fliot, (which is
beft for fowl) made of a lead blacker than our common
lead, to fix pound of fliot they allow one pound of pow-
der. Cannon powder is efteemed beft.

The fifliermen take yearly upon the coafts many hun-
dred kentals of Cod, hake, haddock, polluck &c. which
they fplit, fait and dry at their fiages, making three voy-
ages in a year. When they fliare their fifli (which is at the
end of every voyage) they feparate the beft from the worft,
the firft they call Merchantable fifli, being found, full grown
fifli and well made up, which is known when it is clear
like a Lanthorn horn and without fpots ; the fecond fort
they call refufe fifli, that is fuch as is fait burnt, fpotted,
rotten, and carelefly ordered : thefe they put off to the
Majfachufets Merchants ; the merchantable for thirty and
two and thirty ryals a kental, (a kental is an hundred and
twelve pound weight) the refufe for Nine fliillings and

Ten

Two Voyages to New-England. i6i

Ten fliillings a kental, the Merchant fends the merchant-
able fifli to Lisbonne, Bilbo, Burdeaux, Mar/iles, Talloon,
Rochel, Roa7i, and other Cities of France, to the Canaries
with claw-board and pipe-flaves which is there and at the
Charibs a prime Commodity : the refufe fifli they put [p.
2 11.] off at the Charib-IJlands, Barbadoes, Jainaica, &c.
who feed their Negroes with it.

To every Shallop belong four fifliermen, a Mafter or
Steerfman, a Midfliip-man, and a Foremaft-man, and a
fliore man who waflies it out of the fait, and dries it upon
hurdles pitcht upon flakes breaft high and tends their
Cookery ; thefe often get in one voyage Eight or Nine
pound a man for their fliares, but it doth fome of them
little good, for the Merchant to increafe his gains by put-
ting off his Commodity in the midft of their voyages, and
at the end thereof comes in with a walking Tavern, a
Bark laden with the Legitimate bloud of the rich grape,
which they bring from PJiial, Madera, Canaries, with
Brandy, Rhuin, the Barbadoes Jlrong-water, and Tobacco,
coming afliore he gives them a taller or two, which fo
charms them, that for no perfwafions that their imployers
can ufe will they go out to Sea, although fair and feafon-
able weather, for two or three days, nay fomctimes a
whole week till they are wearied with drinking, taking
afliore two or three Hogflieads of Wine and Rhinu to
drink off when the Merchant is gone. If a man of qual-
ity chance to come where they are royftering and gulling
in lVi7iewith a dear felicity, he muff be fociablc and Roly-
poly with them, taking off [p. 212] their liberal cups as
freely, or elfe be gone, which is beft for him, for when
Wine in their guts is at full Tide, they quarrel, fight and
»i do

1 62 Joffelyns Account of

do one another mifchief, which is the conckifion of their
drunken compotations. When the day of payment comes,
they may jufHy complain of their coftly fm of drunken-
nefs, for their fliares will do no more than pay the reck-
oning ; if they fave a Kental or two to buy fliooes and
ftockins, fhirts and waflcoats with, 'tis wtII, other-w^ayes
they muft enter into the Merchants books for fuch things
as they ftand in need off, becoming thereby the Merchants
flaves, & when it rifeth to a big fum are conflrained to
mortgage their plantation if they have any, the Merchant
when the time is expired is fure to feize upon their plan-
tation and ftock of Cattle, turning them out of houfe and
home, poor Creatures, to look out for a new habitation in
fome remote place where they begin the world again.
The lavifli planters have the fame fate, partaking with
them in the like bad husbandry, of thefe the Merchant
buys Beef, Pork, Peafe, Wheat and Indian Corn, and fells
it again many times to the fifliermen. Of the fame na-
ture are the people in the Dukes province, who not long
before I left the Countrey petitioned the Governour and
Magiflrates in [p. 213.] the Majfachufets to take them
into their Government, Birds of a feather will ralley to-
gether.

A^ino Dom. 1671. The year being now well fpent, and
the Government of the province turned topfiturvy, being
heartily weary and expedling the approach of winter, I
took my leave of my friends at Black-point. And on the
28 of Angujt being Monday I fliipt my felf and my goods
aboard of a fliallop bound for Bojton'. towards Sun-fet,
the wind being contrary, we put into Gibbons his Ifland,
a fmall Ifland in Winter-harbour about two leagues from

Black-

Tiijo Voyages to New-England. 163

Black-point Weft-ward, here we ftayed till the 30. day be-
ing Wednefday, about nine of the clock we fet fail, and
towards Sun-fet came up with Gorgiana, the 31 day being
Thurfday we put into Cape- A nn-h^irhour about Sun-fet.
September the i being Saturday in the morning before
day we fet fail and came to Bojlon about three of the
clock in the afternoon, where I found the Inhabitants
exceedingly affli6led with griping of the guts, and Fea-
ver, and Ague, and bloudy Flux.

The Eight day of October being Wednefday, I boarded
the new-Supply of Bojloii 120 Tun, a fliip of better fail
than defence, her Guns being fmall, and for falutation
only, the Mafler Cdi^t. Fairweatker, her [p. 214.] failers
16. and as many paffengers. Towards night I returned
to Bojlon again, the next day being Thankfgiving day, on
Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and fell down
to Htill.

The 1 2 and 1 3 day about 20 leagues from Cape-Sable a
bitter ftorm took us, beginning at feven of the clock at
night, which put us in terrible fear of being driven upon
the Cape, or the Ifland of Sables where many a tall fliip
hath been wrackt.

November the One and twenty about two of the clock
afternoon we faw within kenning before us thick clouds,
which put us in hope of land, the Bo/on brings out his
purfe, into which the paffengers put their good will, then
prefently he nails it to the main-maft, up go the boyes to
the main-maft-top fitting there like fo many Crowes, when
after a while one of them cryes out land, which was glad
tidings to the wearied paffengers, the boyes defcend, and
the purfe being taken from the mafl; was diftributed

amonefl;

164 yqlfcly7is Account of huo Voyages to Nezv-England.

amongft them, the lad that firft defcryed land having a
double fliare : about three of the clock Scilly was three
leagues off.

! The Four and twentieth day we came to Deal, from
thence the 25. to Lee, the 26. being Sunday we fteemed
the Tide to Grave/end, about two of the clock [p. 215.]
afternoon. The 27 we came up with Wollich where I
landed and refreflit my felf for that night, next day I
footed it four or five miles to Bcxley in Kent to vifit a
near kinfman, the next day proved rainie, the 30 day be-
ing /ryday my kinfman accommodated me with a Horfe
and his man to Greenwich, where I took a pair of Oars
and went aboard our Ship then lying before Radcliff, here
I lay that night. Next day being Saturday, and the firft
of Deceinber I cleared my goods, fhot the bridge and
landed at the Te^nple about feven of the clock at night,
which makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four
days, and from my firft fetting .out from London to my
returning to London again Eight years Six moneths and
odd days.

Now by the merciful providence of the Almighty, hav-
ing perform'd Two voyages to the North-eaft parts of the
Weftern-world, I am fafely arrived in my Native Coun-
trey ; having in part made good the French proverb.
Travail where thou canft, but dye where thou oughteft,
that is, in thine own Countrey.

FINIS.

Chronological

OBSERVATIONS

O F

AMERICA,

From the year of the World
to the year of Chrift,
1673.

LONDON:

Printed for Giles iViddowes, at the Green-
Dragon in St. Prf2//'j-Church-yard, 1674.

fAlv oslp fAL. fAL. rAL. nih. oXL. o\L. fy\U' rAL. o4L.

ir" 11^ Lr" iV" tr* ^r* ^r* iV" ti** "Ir* "*7r'

The Preface.

I HI^ Terrejlrial World is by 07tr learned Geogra-
phers divided into fottr parts, Europe, Afia,
Africa and America fo named from Americus
Vefpucius the Florentine, Seven years after Columbus ;
although Columbus aiid Cabota deferved rather the honour
of being Godfathers to it : notwithflanding by this 7tame it
is now known to its, but was utterly unknown to the A71-
cie7tt Europeans before their times, I will not fay to the
Africans and Afia7is, for Plato in his Ti^neus relateth of
a great Ifland called Atlantis, and Philo the few in his
book De mundo, that it was over-flowen with water, by
reafon of a mighty Earthquake ; The like happened to it
600 years before Plato : thus was the Atlantick Ocean,
caufed to be a Sea, if you luill believe the fame Philofopher,
who flourifJied 366 years before the Birth of our Saviour.

America is botmded on the South with the freight of
Magellan, where there are many Iflands diflinguifJied by an
interflowing Bay \ the Wefl with the pacifqice Sea, or mare-
del-zur, which Sea rtms towards the North, feparateing it
from the Eafl parts of Afia ; on the Eafl zuith the Atlan-
tick, or our Weflern Ocean callM mare-del-Nort ; and on
the North with the Sea that feparateth it from Groveland,
thorow which Seas the fuppofed pciffage to China lyeth ;
thefe North parts, as yet are but barely difcovered by our
voyagers.

The

1 68 The Preface.

The length of this new World between the flreights of
Anian and Magellan is 2400 German unites, in breadth
between Cabo de fortuna near the AnidiW flreights is 1300
German miles. About 18 leagues from Nombre de dios,
on the Sotith-Sea lyeth Panama {a City having three fair
Monafleries hi it) where the narrowefl pa.rt of the Coun-
trey is, it is much lefs than Afia, and far bigger than
Europe, and as the refl of the world divided into Iflands
and Continent, the Continent fuppofed to contain about
1 152400000 Acres.

The Native people I have fpoken of already : The difcov-
erers a^id Planters of Colojties, efpecially in the North-eafl
parts ; together with a contiimation of the proceedings of
the Englifli in New-England, from the firfl year of their
fettling there to purpofe, to this prefent year of ottr Lord
1673. ivith many other tilings by t/^e way infer ted and
worth the obferving I prefent unto your view in this enfu-
ing Table.

rAlc- "stc »»sl<> fAlf o4lt« '^h "ir" '^r' "ir* "if^ "\r"

Anno Mundi, 3720.

BRitain known to the Grc^cians as appeared by Polyb-
ius the Greek Hiftorian 265 years before the Birth
of our Saviour, & after him AthencBiis a Greek Author of
good account 170 before Chrift, relateth that Hiero fent
for a malt for a great Ship that he had built to Britain.

3740.
Han7io the Carthaginian flouriflied, who fent to dif-
cover the great Ifland Atlantis, i. e. America.

3873-
Britain unknown to the Romans was firft difcovered to

them by Julius Ccefar, 54 years before the Birth of Chrift,

who took it to be part of the Continent oi France, and

got nothing but the fight of that part called afterwards

England, which is the South of Britain.

Anno Domini, 86.

Britain difcovered to be an Ifland, and conquered by
Julius Agricola 1 36. years after Jtilius Ccsfars entrance
into it.

99.

[p. 224.] The Emperour 7>^'^;2 flourifhed and ftretched
the Confines of the Roman Empire, unto the remotcft
Dominions of the Eajl-Indies, who never before that time
had heard of a Roman.

745-
Boniface Bifliop of Mens a City in Germany, was ac-
cufed before Pope Zachary in the time of Ethclred King
22 of

lyo JoJ/elyjis Chro7tological

of the Eajl-Angles for Herefie, &c. in that he averred
there were Antipodes. St. Augujiine and La^antms
opinion was that there were none.

827.
Egbert the Saxon Monarch changed the name of the
people in England, and called them Englijli-men.

844.
The Tiirks or Scythians came from thence in the time
of Ethelwolf King of the Weji-Saxons. If the Ottoman-
line fhould fail, the Chrim Tartar is to fucceed, being
both of one Family.

959-
Edgar Sirnamed the Peaceable, the 30 Monarch of the
EngliJJi, caufed the Wolves to be deflroyed by impofmg a
Tribute upon the Princes of Wales ; and Fage Prince of
North-Wales paid him yearly 300 Wolves, [p. 227.] which
continued three years fpace, in the fourth year there was
not a Wolf to be found, and fo the Tribute ceafed.

1 1 60.
In the Emperours Frederick Barbarojfds time, certain
Wejl-Indians came into Germa^zy.

1 1 70.
Madoc the Son of Owe^t Gwineth Prince of North-
Wales his voyage to the Wejl-Indies, he planted a Colony
in the Weftern part of the Countrey, in our He^iry the
Seconds Raign.

1300.
Flavio of Malphi in Naples invented the Compafs in
our Edward the firfts time.

1330.
The Canaries difcovered by an EngliJJi Ship.

1337.

Obfervaiions of America. ■ 171-

^ oo/-
In Edward the third's time a Comet appeared, contin-
uing 30 days.

1344-
Machan an Englijh-7nan accidentally difcovered Ma-
dera-IJland.

1350-
EJiotiland difcovered by fifliermen of Freez-land^ in Ed-
ward the third s Raign.

1360.
The Francifcan-Fryer iVzV//(?/<^^ de Linno, [p. 228.] who
is faid to difcover the Pole by his black Art, went thither
in the Raign of Edward the Third.

1372.
Sir John Mandivel, the Great Traveller dyed at Leige
a City in the Netherland Provinces in Edward the Third's
Raign.

1380.
Nicholas and Antonio Zeni, two Noble Gentlemen of
Venice were driven by Tempeft upon the Ifland of EJioti-
land or Gronland, in our Edward the Third's Raign.

1417.
The Canaries conquered by Betan-Court a Frenchma^i.

1420.
The Ifland of Madera difcovered in our Henry the
Fifth's time.

1428.
The Ifland Puerto Santo, or Holy-port diflant from
Madera 40 miles, difcovered by Portingal Mariners on
All-Iiallowes-day, and therefore called Holy-port, it is in
compafs 150 miles, in Henry the Sixth's Raign.

1440.

172 yajfelyjis Chronological

1440.
The Ifland of Cape de verd difcovered.

1452-
The Marine parts of Gtiinca difcovered by the Portin-
gals in Henry the Sixth's Raign.

1478.
[p. 229.] Ferdinando firft Monarch of all Spain.

1485.
Henry the Seventh began to Raign.

i486.
The Kingdom of Angola and Congo, with the Iflands
of St. George, St. y antes and St. Helens difcovered.

1488.
Chrijlopher Columbus a Genouefe offered the difcovery
of the Wejl-Indies to Henry the Seventh.

1492.
Chrijlopher Columbus fent to difcover the WeJl-Indies
\yj Ferdinando King oi Arragon, 2iXidi Ifabella Queen of
Cajlile, who defcended from Edward the Third King of
England.

The Caribby-IJlands the Antilles or Ca^iibal, or Came-
rea7i-IJlands now difcovered by Chrijlopher Columbus, who
took poffeffion of Florida and Hijpaniola for the King of
Spain.

1493-
Alexander the Sixt Pope of Rome a Spaniard, took
upon him to divide the world by his Bull, betwixt the
Portingal and the Spaniard, bearing date the fourth of
May, giving to the one the Eaft, and to the other the
^^'^-Indies.

[p. 230.] St. Jean Porto Rico difcovered by Chrijlopher

Colu7nbus,

Obfervations of America. ■ 173

Columbtis, Cuba and Jamaica difcovered by him, this was
his fecond voyage.

1495-
Sebajlian Cabota the firft that attempted to difcover the
North-well paffage at the charge of Henry the Seventh.

1497.
Chrijiopher Columbus his third voyage to the Wefl-/;^-
dies, and now he difcovered the Countreys of Paria and
Ctcmana, with the Iflands of Cubagua and Margarita.

John Cabota and his Son Sebajlian Cabota fent by
Henry the ^S'eventh, to difcover the Wejl-Indies, which
they performed from the Cape oi Florida to the 67 deo-ree
and a half of Northerly latitude, being faid by fome to be
the firfl that difcovered Florida, Virginia, and New-found-
land.

Vajques de Gama his voyage to Africa.

1500.
Chriflopher Cohimbtis his fourth and lafl voyage to the
Wefl-Indies.

Jajper Corteriaglis a Porttigal, his voyage to difcover
the North-Weft paffage, he difcovered Greenland, or Terra
Corteriaglis, or Terra di Laborodoro.

1501.
Americus Vejputius 2. Floi'-entine imployed by the Kino-
of Cajlile and Portingal, to difcover [p. 231.] the Wejl-
Indies, named from him Seven year after Columbus,
America.

1506.
Chri/lopher Columbus dyed.

1508.
Henry the Seventh dyed Augujl the Two and twentieth.

Hcfiry

174 Joffelyns Chronological

Henry the Eighth King of England.

1514.
Sebajlian Cabota, the Son oijohn made further difcov-
ery of all the North-eafl coafls from Cape Florida to New-
found-land^ and Terra Laborador.

1516.
The voyage of Sir TJwinas Pert Vice-Admiral of Eng-
land, and Sebajlian Cabota, the Eighth of Hejtry the
Eighth to Brci/il, St. Domingo, and St. Juan de puerto
rico.

1520.
Ferdinando Magellajio a noble Portingal fet forth to
fail about the world, but was 1521 unfortunately flain.

1522.
The Bermuduz-IJle 400 in number, being 500 miles
diftant from Virginia, and 3300 miles from the City of
London in the latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes, difcov-
ered now accidentally by John Bermuduz a Spa^iiard.

1523-
[p. 232.] Stephen Gomez his voyage to difcover the
North-weft paffage, fome will have it in Twenty five.

1527-
New-found-land difcovered by one Andrew Thorn, the

Southern part but 600 leagues from England.

John de Ponce for the Spaniard took poffeffion oi Flor-
ida.

1528.

Nevis or Mevis planted now according to fome writers.

1534-
Califormia queftioned, whether Ifland or Continent,

firft difcovered by the Spaniard.

Nova

Obfervations of America. 175

Nova Francia lying between the 40 and 50 degree of
the Artie-poles Altitude difcovered by Jaques Carthier in
his firft voyage, the firft Colony planted in Canada.

1536.
The Puritan-Church policy began now in Geneva.

1542.
Moitjieur du Barvals voyage to Nova Francia, fent to
inhabite thofe parts.

1548.
He7iry the Eighth dyed.

Edward ^^ Sixth YJ^n^oi England h^%2,rv to Raign.
[p. 233.] Sebajiian Cabota made grand Pilot oi England
by Edward the Sixth.

1550.
The fweating ficknefs in England.

1553.
Edward the Sixth dyed.

Mary Queen of Englaiid began to Raign.

Sir Hugh Willoughby, and all his men in two Ships in
his firft attempt to difcover the North-eafl paffage, were
in O6lober frozen to death in the Haven called Arzima in
Laplajid.

1558.
Queen Mary dyed.

Elizabeth Queen oi England began to Raign Novem-
ber the Seventeenth.

1560.
Salvaterra a Spaniard his voyage to the North-weft
paffage.

1562.
Sir John Hawkins firft voyage to the Wejl-Indies.

The

176 Jojfelyns Chronological

The firfl expedition of the French into Florida, under-
taken by John Ribald.

Tobacco firffc brought into England by Sir John Haw-
kins, but it was fii-ft brought into ufe by Sir Walter Raw-
leigh many years after.

1566.
The Puritans began to appear in England.

1569.
[p. 234.] Anthony Je^ikinfon the firft of the EngliJJi that
failed through the Ca/pian-Se2i.

Private Presbyteries now firft eredled in England.
Sir Francis Drakes firfl voyage to the Wejl-Indies.

i5_73-
The Hollanders feek for aid from Queen Elizabeth.

1576.
'^ix Martin FrobiJJier the firfl in Queen Elizabeths days
that fought for the North-weft paffage, or the flreight, or
paffage to China, and 7neta incognita, in three feveral voy-
ages, others will have it in 1577.

1577.
November the 1 7 Sir Francis Drake began his voyage
about the world with five Ships, and 1 64 men fetting fail
from Plimouth, putting off Cape de verde. The begin-
ning of February, he faw no Land till the fifth of April,
being paft the line 30 degrees of latitude, and in the 36
deeree entered the River Plates, whence he fell with the
flreight of Magellan the 2 1 of Augtiji, which with three
of his Ships he paffed, having cafl off the other two as
impediments to him, and the Marigold toffed from her

General

Obfervations of America. 177

General after [p. 235.] paffage was no more feen. The
other commanded by Capt. Wijiter fliaken off alfo by
Tempeft, returned thorow the Streights and recovered
England, only the Pellican, whereof himfelf was Admiral,
held on her courfe to Chile, Coquimbo, Cinnama, Pabna,
Lima, upon the weft of America, where he paffed the line
1579 the firft day oi March, and fo forth until he came to
the latitude 47. Thinking by thofe North Seas to have
found paffage to England, but fogs, frofls and cold winds
forced him to turn his courfe South-wefl from thence, and
came to Anchor 38 degrees from the line, where the King
of that Countrey prefented him his Net-work Crown of
many coloured feathers, and therewith refigned his Scep-
ter of Government unto his Dominion, which Countrey
Sir Francis Drake took poffeffion of in the Queens name,
and named it Nova Albion, which is thought to be part
of the Ifland of Calif ormia.

Sir Marlifz Frobifliers fecond voyage.

1578.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert a DevonfJiire Knight attempted
to difcover Virginia^ but without fuccefs.

Sir Martin Frobifliers third voyage to Mcta incogjtita.
Freezeland now called Wefl-England, 25 leagues in length,
in the latitude of 57.

[p. 236.] Sir Francis Drake now paffed the Streights
of Magellan in the Ship called the Pellican.

1579-
Sir Francis Z^r^/^^ difcovered "^ova Albion in the South-
Sea.

Others will have Sir Martin Frobifiers firfl voyage to
difcover the North-weft paffage to be this year.

23 1580.

178 yojfelyns Chronological

1580.

From Nova Albion he fell with Tcrnate.onQ of the Ifles
of Mohicco, being courteoufly entertained of the King,
and from thence he came unto the Ifles of Calebes, to
Java Major, to Cape bnoita fperanza, and fell with the
coafts of Guiizea, where croffmg again the line, he came
to the height of the Azores, and thence to England upon
the third of 'November 1580. after three years lacking
twelve days, and was Knighted, and his Ship laid up at
Deptford as a monument of his fame.

1581.

The Provinces of Holland again feek for aid to the
Queen oi England.

1582.

'^ix Humphrey Gilbert took poffeffion oi New-found-land
or Terra Nova, in the harbour of St. John, for and in the
name of [p. 237.] Queen Elizabeth, it lyeth over againft
the gulf of St. Lawrence, and is between 46 and 53 de-
grees of the North-poles Altitude.

Sir Walter Rawleigh in Ireland.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempted a plantation in fome
remote parts in New-England.

He periflied in his return from New-found-land.

1584.

The woful year of fubfcription fo called by the Breth-
ren, or Difciplinarians.

Sir Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth a
Patent for the difcovery and peopling of unknown Coun-
tries, not actually poffeffed by any Chriftian Prince.
Dated March 25. in the fix and twentieth of her Raign.

April

Obfervatioiis of America. 179

April the 27 following, he fet forth two Barkes under
the Command of Mr. Philip Amedas and Mr. Arthur
Barlow, who arrived on that part oi America, which that
Virgin Queen named Virginia, and thereof in her Maj-
esties name took poffeffion July the Thirteenth.

1585. ^

Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys de-
livered unto Queen Elizabeths hands.

Sir Richard Greenvile was fent by Sir [p. 238.] Walter
Rawleigh April the Ninth, with a Fleet of 7 fail to Vir-
ginia, and was fliled the General of Virginia. He landed
in the Ifland of ^'t. yoh7i de porto Rico May the Twelfth,
and there fortified themfelves and built a Pinnaffe, &c.
In Virginia they left 100 men under the Government of
Mr. Ralph Lane, and others.

Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the Weft- Indies, wherein
were taken the Cities of ^'t. Jago, St. Doniingo Cartagena,
and the Town of St. Augiftine in Florida.

Now (fay fome) Tobacco was firft brought into Eng-
land by Mr. Ralph Lane out of Virginia.

Others will have Tobacco to be firft brought into Eng-
land from Peru, by Sir Francis Drake's Mariners.

Capt. yohn Dames firft voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage, encouraged by Sir Francis Walfingham,
principal Secretary.

1586.

Mr. Thomas Candifti of Trimely, in the County of Suf-
folk Efq, began his voyage in the fliip called the Defirc,
and two fliips more to the South-KSea through the
Streights of Magellan (and from thence round about the
circumference of the whole earth) burnt and ranfack'd in

the

i8o Jojfelyns Chronological

the entrance of Chile, [p. 239.] Peru and ^ew-Spain, near
the great Illand of Calformia in the South-Sea ; and re-
turned to Pliuiouth with a pretious booty 1588. September
the Eighth, being the Third fnice Magellan, that circuited
the earth, our EngliJJi voyagers were never out-ftript by
any.

The Natives in Virgi^iia confpired againft the EitgliJJi.

The fame year Sir Richard Greenvile General of Vir-
ginia arrived there with three Ihips, bringing rehef from
Sir Walter Rawleigh to the Colony.

Mr. John Davies fecond voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage.

1587.
Sir Walter Rawleigh fent another Colony of 1 50 per-

fons under the Government of Mr. John White.

Mr. John Davies third voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage.

Sir Francis Drake, with four fliips took from the Span-
iards one million, 189200 Ducats in one voyage.

1588.

Queen Elizabeth oppofed her Authority againft the
Brethrens books and writings.

Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral of the Engli/Ji Fleet,
the Lord-Admiral beftowed the order of Knight-hood
upon Mr. John [p. 240.] Hawkins, Martin ForbiJJier and
others, July the Five and twentieth.

The SpaniJJi Armado defeated, conftfting of 130 fliips,
wherein were 19290 Souldiers, 2080 chained Rowers,
2630 great Ordnance, Commanded by Perezius Guzman
Duke of Medium Sedonia, and under him Johannes Mar-
tinus Recaldtis a great Seaman ; The Fleet coming on

Obfervations of America. . i8i

like a half-moon, the horns of the front extending one
from the other about 7 miles afunder, it was preparing 1 5
years, and was blackt to make it feem more terrible.

1589.

The Portingal voyage under the condu61 of Sir Vran-
cis Y)rake.

Mr. Thomas CandifJi now finifhed his voyage about the
world, as fome will have it.

1590.

Now Tobacco firfl ufed in Eiigland, as fome will have
it.

1591. -^

The firft EnglifJiman that ever was in the Bermudtize
or Summer-IJlands, was one Henry May.

The voyage of Capt. Neivport to the Wejl-Indies, where
upon the coafl of Hifpaniola, he took and burnt three
Towns, and Nineteen fail of fliips and Frigats.

Mr. Thomas CandiJJi laft voyage, in which he dyed.

1593.

[p. 241.] Sir Martin VrobiJJier Commander of the Eng-
lijh Fleet flain in the quarrel of H. King of Navarr.

The laft voyage of Sir Yrancis Y)rake, and Sir John
Hawkins to the Weji-Indies with fix Ihips of the Queens,
and twelve other fliips and Barks containing 2400 men
and boyes, in which voyage they both dyed, and Sir
Yrancis JDrahes Coffen was thrown over board near Porto
bello.

1594.
Sir Robert T)uddeleys voyage to Trinadad, and the coafl
of Paria.

Mr. James Lancajlers voyage to Yernambuck the port

Town

1 82 Joffelyns Chronological

Town of Olinda in Brazil, in which voyage he took 29
fliips and Frigats, furprized the faid port Town, and there
found the Cargazon or fraught of a rich India^i Carack,
which together with great abundance of Sugars and Cot-
tons he brought from thence ; lading therewith fifteen
fail of tall fliips and barks.

1595-

The voyage of '^\x Aniias Prejlon, & Capt. George Som-
mers to the Wejl-Indies, where they took, fackt, fpoiled and
abandoned the Ifland of Puerto Santo, the Ifland of Cock
near [p. 242.] Margarita, the Fort and Town of Coro, the
ftately City of St. Jago de Icon, and the Town of Ctimana
ranfomed, and Jamaica entered.

Sir Walter RawleigJis voyage now to Gniana, difcov-
ered by him. In which voyage he took St. JofepJi a Town
upon Trinidado.

The Sabbatarian dodrine publiflied by the Brethren.

1596.

The voyage to Cadez, Sir Walter Rawleigh Rere-Ad-
miral.

The voyage of Sir Anthony Sherley intended for the
Ifland of St. Tome, but performed to St. Jago, Dominga,
Margarita, along the coafh of Terra Firma to the Ifland
oi Jamaica, fituated between 17 and 18 degrees of the
North-poles elevation (which he conquered, but held it
not long) from thence to the bay of Hoiidurus, 30 leagues
up Rio dolce, and homeward by New-found-land.

i597-_
The voyage to the Azores, Sir Walter Rawleigh Capt.
of the Queens Guard Rere-Admiral.

Porto Rico, taken by the Earl of Cumberland.

1599.

Obfervations of America. 1^3

1599-
The Grand Canary taken by the 'Dtikk Commander
Vanderdoes.

1600.
[p. 243,] The Colonies in Virginia fupplyed by pubHck
purfe.

1602.
Queen Elizabeth dyed March the Four and twentieth.
King James began to Raign.

The North parts of Virginia, i. e. New-England fur-
ther difcovered by Capt. Bartholomew Gofnold, fome will
have him to be the firfl difcoverer,

Capt. George Weymouth's voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage.

Divers of our EngliJJt in the North of England entered
into a Covenant of worfliipping of God.

1603.
King James came into England, the fifth of April.
Monfieur Champlains voyage to Canada.
November the feventeenth Sir Walter Rawleizh Ar-
raigned and Condemned.

1604.
Monfieur du Point and du Monts voyage to Canada.

1605.
Monfieur du Point and du Monts remove the Erench
habitation to Port-Royal.

James Halle s voyage to Groenland, and to find out the
North-weft paffage.

1606.
[p. 244.] The province of Mai7t poffeffcd by the Eng-
liJJt by publick Authority King James, Sir John Popham,
&c.

184 yojjelyns Chronological

A Colony firfl fent to New-England by Sir John Pop-
ham chief Juftice of the Common pleas.

James-town founded in Virginia.

James Halls fecond voyage, to find out the North-wefl
paffage.

Mr. John Knight his North-weft voyage, loft his fhip
funk by the Ice.

A Colony fent to Virginia, called by the Indians Win-
gandacoa, the firfl that took firm -poffeffion there.

1607.

Plimouth Plantation in New-England attempted.

St. Georges Fort built at the mouth of the River Saga-
dahoc, under the Prefidency of Capt. George Popham and
Capt. Ralph Gilbert, who built the Fort.

James Halls third voyage to find out the North-wefl
paffage.

Hudfo7is firfl voyage to find out the North-wefl paffage.

1608.

Virginia planted.

A Colony fent to New-found-land.

[p. 245.] Capt. John Smith fiflied now for Whales at
Monhiggen.

Hudfons fecond voyage to the North-wefl met a Mer-
maid in the Sea. That there be fuch Creatures fee Plinie,
Albertus Magnus, Arijiotle, Eliaji, Theodorus Gaza, Al-
exander of Alexandria, Gorgius Trapozenfus, J til. Scali-
ger. Stows Annals in Anno Dom. 1204. at Oreford in
Suffolk a Mareman taken.

1609.

Sir Thomas Gales and Sir George Summers going to
Virginia, fuffered fhipwrack upon the Bermudos-IJlands
where they continued till 16 10.

Hudfons

Obfervaiiojis of America. 185

Hudfo7is third voyage to Ncw-foiLud-land difcovered
MoJugan-^vsi^'c in New-England.

The Dutch fet down by Mohegan-KiN^x.

1610.

Capt. Wkitburns voyage to difcover the North-weft paf-
fage, faw a Mermaid in the harbour of St. Johns at New-
fotmd-land by the River fide.

Htidfons laft and fatal voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage, where he was frozen to death.

Dales-gift founded in Vh'ginia.

Sundry of the EnglifJi nation removed out of the North
of 'England into the Netherlands, and gathered a Church
at Leyden, where they continued until the year 1620.

161 1.

[p. 246.] Sir Thomas Dale Governour of Virginia.

The famous Arch-Pirate Peter ^aflon.

1612.

Bermndus firft planted, and Mr. R. Moore fent over
Governour, the firft that planted a Colony in the Bernin-
dus.

James Halls fourth voyage to difcover the North weft
paffage, was flain by the Savages.

Capt. Buttons voyage to difcover the North-weft paffage.

1613.

Port-Royal deftroyed by Sir Samuel Argot Governour
of Virginia.

Mr. John Rolf Si Gentleman of good behaviour fell in
love with Pocahontas, the only Daughter of Poiuhaton a
King in Virginia and married her, ftie was Chriftened
and called the Lady Rebecca, and dyed at Gravefend Anno
Dom. 161 y. Sir Leiuis Stukely brought up her Son
Tho7nas Rolf.

^4 1614.

1 86 yojfdyns Chro7tological

1 6 14.
Bermudus planted further.

Poivhato7is Daughter in Virginia Chriftened Rebecca.
Capt. Gibbins voyage to find out the North-weft paf-
fage.

New-Netherlands began to be planted [p. 247.] upon
Mokegan-^iwQr, Sir Samue/ A rgoi routed them.

1615.
Sir Richard Hawkins voyage into thofe parts of New-
England.

1616.
Capt. Gibbins fecond voyage to find out the North-wefl
paffage.

A new fupply fent by Capt. Daniel Tucker to the Ber-
inudtis.

Pocahontas and Mr. Rolf her Husband went for E7tg-
la7id with Sir Thomas Dale, and arrived at Pli77iouth the
1 2 of Ju7ie.

161 7.
Sir Walter Rawleighs laft and unfortunate voyage to
G7iia7ia, where he took St. Tho77ie the only Town of Gui-
a7ia poffeffed by the Spa7iia7'ds.

1618.
The Comet or blazing-ftar whofe motion was by fome
obferved to be from Eaft to Weft.

1619.
Sir Waller Rawleigh beheaded in the Parliament yard.
Bermudus-IJlands divided into Tribes and Cantreds, to
each tribe a Burrough.

1620.
The E7iglijh in Virginia divided into feveral Burroughs.

1620.

Obfervations of America. 187

1620.

[p. 248.] Letters Patents obtained from King James
for the Northern part of Virginia i. e. '^ew-'Kiigland.

In Jiily fundry of the "EngliJJi fet fail from Holland for
Southampton.

Aiigtijl the fift, they fet fail from Southam,pton iox Amer-
ica, and arrived the Eleventh oi November at Cape-Cod,
where they entered into a body politick, and chofe one
Mr. yohn Carver their Governour, calling the place where
they fettled New-Plimouth : in Jantiary and February fol-
lowing was a mortality among the EngliJJi, which fwept
away half the Company.

Mrs, Sufanna White delivered of a Son at nezu-Plim-
outh, Chriftened Peregrine; he was the firft of the Eng-
lijli that was born in 7iezu-England, and was afterwards the
Lieutenant of the Military Company of Maiflifield in
Plimouth Colony.

^ew-Plimotith built, the firft Town in nezu-^^ngland.

Squanto an Indian in new-Y.ngland, carried into Eng-
land by Mr. Hunt a Mafter of a Ship, but brought home
again by Mr. Dormer a Gentleman imployed by Sir Fer.
dinando Gorges for difcovery.

1621.

[p. 249.] April, Mr. John Carver Governour of 7ie'w-
Plimouth dyed, and Mr. William Brandford was chofen
Governour.

The Natives in Virginia murdered about 340 ^ng-
ifJi.

1622.
The Fort at new-Plimouth built : a great drought this
Summer, from May the Third, till the middle of July
there was no Rain.

Mr.

1 88 Jojfelyns Chronological

Mr. Thomas WeJio7t Merchant fent over 67 lufly men
who fettled themfelves in a part of the Maffachufets-bay^
now called Weymouth.

The order of the Knights of Nova/cotia ordained by
King yaTfies Hereditarie, they wear an Orange tawny
Ribbin.

Sir Verdinando Gorges Patent for the province of Main
in ]>l eiv-Kngland.

The Dutch tortured the Y^nglijli at Amboina, 1623.

We/lo7ts plantation wholly ruined by their diforders.

Mr. Robert Gorge, Sir Verdinando Gorges Brother ar-
rived in Plimouth, and began a Plantation of the Majfa-
chufets bay, having Commifiion from the Council of
'^ew-England to be general Governour of the Countrey,
carrying over one Mr. Morrel a Minifter, [p. 250.J but
being difcouraged, he returned for England.

A fire at Plimouth, which did confiderable dammage,
feveral of the Inhabitants through difcontent and cafual-
ties removed into Virginia.

Three thoufand ^nglijli now upon the Bcrmtid^is ten
Forts, and in thofe ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance.

1624.

The number of Magiftrates increafed to five now at
\^ew-Plimouth.

The firft neat Cattle carried over into ^ciu-Y.ngland to
^ew-Plimouth was three Heifers and a Bull.

1625.

St. Ch7'iJtophers-IJla7id planted now by the ^ngliJJt 25
leagues in compafs, a great many little Rivers, in 1 7 de-
grees and 25 minutes.

King James dyed in 1625, and King Charles the firft
began his Raign March the feven and twentieth.

1627.

Obfcrvations of America. . 189

1627.

The firft diflribution of Lands amongft the Inhabitants
of '^ew-P limotUh.

A Colony of Y.iigliJJi planted upon the Ifland of Bar-
bados^ which in a fliort time increafed to 20000, befides
'Negroes.

1628.

Mr. John ¥.ndicot arrived in '^ew-Y.ngland [p. 251.]
with fome number of people, and fet down firft by Cape-
Ann, at a place called afterwards Glojter, but their abid-
ing place was at Salem, where they built the firft Town in
the Maffachufets Patent.

The Indians at the AlaJjfacJmfets, were at that time by
ficknefs decreafed from 30000 to 300.

'\^evis or Mevis planted now by the '^ngli/Ii 3 or 4000
upon it.

Mr. Morton of Merrimotmt taken prifoner by the Maf-
fachufets, and fent into England.

1629.

Three fliips arrived at Salem bringing a great number
of paffengers from 'England; infe6lious difeafes amongft
them.

Mr. Ejidicot chofen Governour.

Mr. Higginfon, Mr. Skelton and Mr. Bright Minifters
arrived, upon the fift oi Auguji was the firft Church in
the MaJfacJmfets Colony gathered at Salem, from which
year to this prefent year is 45 years, in the compafs of
thefe years in this Colony, there hath been gathered forty
Churches, and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of
"^ew-Englajid.

The Church of neiv-P limouth, was planted in '^ciu-
England eight years before others.

The

I go Jojfelyns Chronological

The book of Common-prayer pleaded [p. 252.] for, and
practifed in MaJ/acku/ets Colony by two of the Patentees,
but was at laft prohibited by the Authority there.

1630.

The Tenth of July, John Winthorp Efq ; and the Af-
fiftants arrived in '^ew-Y.ngland, with the Patent for the
Majfachu/ds, they landed on the North-fide of Charles
River, with him went over Mr. Thomas Dudley, Mr. Ifaac
John/on, ^fquires ; Mr. John Wilfon, Mr. George Phil-
ips, yh.Maverich (the Father of Mr. Samuel Alaverich, one
of his Majefties Commiffioners) Mr. Wareham Minifters.

The paffage of the people in the Eagle, and nine other
Veffels to 'Hew-England came to 9500 pounds. The
Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat and Horfes cofl to tranfport
12000 pounds, befides the price they cofl. The Eagle
was called the Arabella in honour of the Lady Arabella,
wife to Ifaac John/on Efq ; they fet down firft upon N<?^-
dles-IJland, the Lady Arabella abode at Salem.

Mr. Ifaac fohnfon a Magiftrate of the Maffachufets,
and his Lady dyed foon after their arrival.

John Winlhorp Efq ; chofen Governour, for the re-
mainder of the year, Mr. Thomas Dudley deputy Govern-
our, Mr. Simon Broadflreet Secretary.

[p. 253.] Charks-low7i, the firft town built.

Mr. Higginfon Teacher of Salem Church dyed.

1630.

A very fliarp winter in New-England.

1631.

Capt. fohn Smith Governour of Virginia, and Admiral
of New-England now dyed in Lo7idon.

John Winthorp Efq ; chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets. Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour.

Sir

Obfervations of America. ■ 191

Sir Richard Saltingjlall went for ^cw-England^ fet
down at Water-town.

Five Churches gathered this year, the firft at Bojion
Mr. Jolui Wit/on Paftor, the fecond at Water-town, hy Mr.
Philips, the third at Dorchejler by Mr. Maverick and Mr.
Wareham, the fourth at Roxbury by Mr. Eliot, the fifth
at Linn by Mr. Stepheji Batcheler their firft Teacher.

Dr. Wilfon gave 1000 pound to ^ew-England, with
which they ftored themfelves with great Guns.

1632.

yohn Winthorp chofen Governour, Mr. Tho^nas Y)ud-
ley Deputy Governour.

Sir Chrijlopher Gardiner defcended of the houfe of
Gardiner Bifliop of Winchejler, Knighted at yernfalctu of
the Sepulcher, [p. 254.] arrived in ^ew-England with a
comely young woman his Concubine, fettled himfelf in
the Bay of Majffachufets, was rigidly ufed by the Magif-
trates, and by the Magiflrates of 'Hew-Plimouth to which
place he retired.

A terrible cold winter in "Hew-England.

1633.

Mr. Edward Winjlow chofen Governour of New-Plinz-
021th.

The number of Magiflrates at ^ew-Plimouth increafe
to feven.

An infe6lious feaver amongft the Inhabitants of ^ew-
Plimouth, whereof many dyed.

Mr. y^ohu Winthorp chofen Governour of the MaJJa-
chufcts Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour.

Mr. Thomas Hooker, Mr. Hains and Mr. Cotton Min-
iflers arrived in New-E7tgland all in one fliip, and Mr.

Stone

192 yojfelyns Chronological

Stone and Mr. William Collier a liberal Benefa6tor to the
Colony of New-Plimouth.

Mr. John Cotton chofen Teacher of the firft Church at
Bojlon.

A Church at Cambridge gathered by Mr. TJioinas
Hooker their firft Paftor.

Great fwarms of flrange flyes up and down the Coun-
trey, which was a prefage of the following mortality.

1634.

[p. 255.] Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of iWz£/-
Plimouth.

Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Majfa-
chnfets Colony, and Mr. Roger Ludlow Deputy-Govern-
our.

The Countrey now was really placed in a pofture of
War, to be in readinefs at all times.

In the Spring a great ficknefs among the Indians^ by
the fmall pox.

The Pequets War with the Narraganfets.

Mr. Skelton Paftor to the Church at Salem dyed.

Mr. John Norton, and Mr. Tho7nas Shepherd arrive in
New-England.

A Church gathered at Ipfwich, the firft Paftor Mr. Na-
thaniel Ward.

A Church gathered at Newberry.

Capt. Stone turn'd Pirate, at the 'Dutch plantation.

The cruel Maffacre of Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton at
Conneilicut-River, by the Pequet Indians.

1635-
Mr. yohn Haines chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chti/ets Colony, Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Gov-
ernour.

Mr.

Obfervations of America. 193

Mr. Zachary Sims arrived in New-E^igland, and Mr.
Richard Belliiigham.

[p. 256.] This year Eleven Minifters arrived in New-
England.

Mr. Norton Teacher at Ip/wick, Mr. Richard Mather
Teacher at Dorche/ier.

Sir Henry Vain Junior, arrived in New-England, Mr.
Richard Saltingjlal, Sir Richard SaltingJlaV s Son, Mr.
Roger Harlackenden, and Hugh Peters,

High Peters chofen Paftor of Salem.

A Church at Hartford in the Colony of Conne^icut
now gathered.

Mr. William Bradford choien GoYernour of New-Plim-
outh.

Capt. William Gorges, Sir Eerdinando Gorges Nephew
fent over Governour of the province of Main, then called
new Sommerfetfhire.

Saturday the 15 of Augicfl, an Hurrican or mighty
llorm of wind and rain, which did much hurt in New-Eng-
land.

1636.

Sir Henry Vane Junior, Governour of the Maffachu-
fets Colony, John Winthorp Efq ; Deputy Governour,
Mr. Roger Harlackendcn leader of their military Forces.

Mr. Edward Winflow a WorceflerfJiire man born,
chofen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony.

Conncflicut Colony planted.

Mr. John Oldham murthered in his Barque by the In-
dians of Block-Ifland.

[p. 257.] A Church gathered at Hingham, Mr. Peter
Hubbord arrived now in New-E7igland Teacher at Hing-
ham.

^5 Mr.

194 yoffelyiis Chronological

Mr. Flijit, Mr. Carter, Mr. Walton, Minifters arrived
now in Nezv-EuQ-land.

Mr. Fenwich, Mr. Par trick, Mr. Nathaniel Rogers, and
Mr. Samuel White, arrived now in New-England.

A General Court held at Bojlon againfl Mrs. Hutchin-
fon the American Jezabel, Angiijl the 30. where the opin-
ions and errors of Mrs. Hutchinfon and her Affociats 80
errors were condemned.

A Counfel at New-town about the fame bufmefs 05lo-
ber the fecond, and at Bojlon again.

1637.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of New-Plim-
onth Colony.

Mr. John Wenthorp chofen Governour of MaJJachuJets
Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Deputy Governour.

New-haven Colony began now, Mr. Eaton chofen Gov-
ernour, John Davenport Paftor.

Mr. Hopkins arrived now in New-England.

A fecond Church gathered ^X Dedham, Mr. Johji Allen
Paftor.

The Pequets wars, in which war the EngliJJi flew and
took prifoners about "j 00 Indians, [p. 258.] amongft which
13 of their Sachems to the great terror of the Natives,
they fent the male children of i\\Q Pequets to the Bermu-
dus.

This year the Antinomian and Familijlical errors were
broached in the Countrey, efpecially at Bojlon.

A Synod called, which condemned thefe errors.

A General Court held at New-toivn againft Mrs. Hutch-
injon and the reft.

Mrs. Htitchinfon and others baniflied by the Magif-
trates of the Majfachujets Colony.

Obfervatioits of Aincrica. 195

A hideous monflcr born at Bofiojt of one Mrs. Mary
Dyer.

Sir Henry Vane and the Lord Lee returned for Eng-
land.

The Minifters that went for New-¥.ngland chiefly in
the ten firfl years, ninety four, of which returned for 'Eng-
land twenty feven, dyed in the Countrey thirty fix, yet
ahve in the Countrey thirty one.

The number of fliips that tranfported paffengers to
New-Engla7td, in thefe times was 298 fuppofed : men,
women and children as near as can be gheffcd 2 1 200.

The Spaniards took the Ifland of Providence, one of
the Summer- Iflands from the Enghfli.

1638.

[p. 259.] Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new
Plimotith Colony.

Mr. John Winthorp chofen Governour of the MaJjTa-
chufets Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour.

A Church now gathered at Waymouth, Mr. Gennor
Paflor, Mr. Newman fucceeded Mr. Thomas Thatcher.

Three Y.ngliJJi men put to death at Plimouth for rob-
bing: and murtherinor an Indian near Providence.

ytme the fecond a great and terrible earthquake
throughout the Countrey.

Samtiel Gorton of Warwick-JJiire, a peftilent feducer,
and blafphemous Atheift, the Author of the Seds of6^^r-
tinians, banifli'd Plimouth plantation, whipt and baniflied
from Road-Ifland, banifht the Maffachufcts Colony.

Now they fet up a Printing-prefs at Bojlon in the Maf-
fachu/ets.

Tliis year came over Mr, William Thomp/ou, Mr. Ed-
mund BrowUs Mr. David Frish.

Mr.

196 yojfelyfis Chronological

Mr, John Harvard the founder oi Harvard Colledge
at Cambridge in the Majfachiifets Colony, deceafed, gave
700 pound to the eredling of it.

1639.

[p. 260.] Mx. William Bradford chofen Governour of
new-P limoiith Colony.

Mr. JoJm Winthorp chofen Governour of the Majfa-
cJmfcts Colony, Mr. Thomas Dtidley Deputy Governour.

Mx. Higgin/on Teacher at Salem Church, Skelton paf-
tor, and an exhorting Elder. This was the firft Church
gathered in the Maffachufets Colony, and it increafed to
43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another, and
in thefe Churches were about 7750 fouls.

Mr. Herbert Pelham now arrived in New-England.

A Church gathered at Hampton, Mr. Dattlton paftor,
and Mx. Batcheler Teacher.

Another Church gathered at Salisbury.

O^ober the Eleventh and Twelfth, the SpaniJJt Navy
was fet upon by the Hollander in the Downs, they were
in all 60 fail, the Spaniards were beaten.

A very fliarp winter in New-Ejigland.

1640.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh Colony.

Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets Colony, and Mr. Richard Bellijigham Deputy
Governour.

[p. 261.] Civil Wars began in England.

Mr. Huet yJf inifter arrived in New-England, Mx. Peck
and Mx. Saxton.

A Church gathered at Braintree, Mx. Wheelright paftor.

Mx.

Obfcrvations of America. . 197

Mx. Henry Dunjicr arrived in Neiu-Englaiid.

1641.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
otctk Colony.

Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf-
facJntfets Colony, Mr. John Endicot DejDuty.

A Church gathered at Glocefler in the Maffachufets
Colony.

A fliarp winter in New-England, the harbours and fait
bayes frozen over fo as paffable for Men, Horfes, Oxen
and Carts five weeks.

1642.

Mr. Williani Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh Colony.

Mr. Joh^t Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets Colony, John Endicot Efq ; Deputy Governour.

This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a
Cow, to fix, feven and eight pound a Cow of a fudden.

A Church now gathered at Wocburn in the Maffachzi-
fets Colony.

[p. 262.] Thirteen able Minifi:ers now at this time in
new-P limouth Jurifdiction.

Harvard-CoVi^di'gQ. founded with a publick Library.

Minifters bred in New-E^tgland, and (excepting about
10) in Harvard-QoVi^A^Q. one hundred thirty two; of which
dyed in the Countrey Ten, now living eighty one, removed
to Engla7id forty one. June Warwick Parliament Ad-
miral.

1643.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of the new-
Plimouth Colony.

Mr.

198 Jqffelyns Chronological

Mr, John Winthorp chofen Governour of the Majfa-
chufets Colony, Mr. JoJui Endicot Deputy Governour.

May 19. the firft Combination of the four united Colo-
nies, viz. Plimouth^ MaffachufetSy Conne5licut, and 7iew-
haven.

1644.

Mr. Edward Winjlow chofen Governour of new-Plim-
02tth Colony.

John Endicot Efq ; chofen Governour of the Majfachu-
fets Colony, John Whithorp Efq ; Deputy Governour.

A Church gathered at Haveril. Mr. Roger Harlacken-
din dyed about this time.

A Church gathered at Reading in New-England.

A Church gathered at Wenkam, both in the MaJ/ac/m-
fets Colony.

[p. 263.] The Town oi Eajlham erected now by fome
in PlimoiUh.

1645.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh Colony.

Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Majfa-
chufets Colony, and Mr. John Winthorp Deputy Gov-
ernour, Mr. John Endicot major General.

A Church gathered at Springfield.

1646

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
021th Colony.

Mr. fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chnfets, Mr. Thomas T)udley Deputy and Mr. fohn Endi-
cot major General.

Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year.

This

Obfervations of America. 199

This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well
ordering of their Commonwealth (as they termed it)
printed in 1648.

Three men of War arrived in 7iew-P limouth harbour
under the Command of Capt. Thomas Cromwell, richly
laden, a mxutiny amongft the Sea-men, whereby one man
was killed.

The fecond Synod at Cambridge touching the duty and
power of magiftrates in matters of Religion.

[p. 264.] Secondly, the nature and power of Synods.

Mr. yo/m Eliot firft preached to the Indians in their
Native language, the principal Initruments of converting
the Indians, Mr. John Eliot Senior, Mr. yoh7i Eliot Jun-
ior, Mr. Thomas Mayhew, Mr. Pierfoii, Mx. Brown, Mr.
James, and Mx. Cotton.

1647.

Mx. Williain Bradford chofen Governour of ncw-Plim-
outh Colony.

Mx. John Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets Colony, Mx, Thomas Diidley Deputy Governour,
and:Mx. John Endicot Major General.

Now Mx. Thomas Hooker paftor of the Church at Hert-
ford dyed.

The Tartars over-run China.

1648.

Mx. William Bradford chofen Governour of new Plim-
07ith Colony.

Joh7i Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffachiifcts
colony, Mx. Thoinas Dudley Deputy Governour, Afx. John
'Endicot major General.

A Church gathered at Andovcr.

200 JoJJelyns Chronological

A Church gathered at Maiden Mr. Sarjanl paftor.

A fecond Church gathered at Bojlon.

A third Synod at Cambridge pubHlliing the platform of
DifcipHne.

[p. 265.] Jan. 30. King Charles the firfl murdered.

Charles the Second began his Raign.

Their Laws in the MaJJachte/els colony printed.

1649.

yohn Winthorp Efq ; Governour of the Majfachufets
colony March the 26 deceafed.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the MaJ/achu-
fets colony.

Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr. Gibbons
major General.

An innumerable Company of Caterpillars in fome parts
oi New-England ^^^xo^^di the fruits of the Earth.

Auguji the 25 Mr. Thomas Shepherd Paftor of Cam-
bridge Church dyed.

Mr. Phillips alfo dyed this year.

1650.

Mr. Williajn Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh colony.

Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets colony, Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General.

A great mortality amongfl children this year in New-
England.

1651.

Qd. 266.] Mr. William Bradford cho^Qn Governour of
7iew-P limouth colony.

Mr.

Obfervations of America. 201

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Majfaclm-
fets colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General.

The City Bilbo totally cover'd with waters for 1 5 days,
16 foot above the tops of the higheft houfes, the lofs was
very much to the whole Kingdom, there being their ftock
of dryed fifli and dryed Goat the general dyet of Spai?i.

Barbados furrendred to the Parliament, its longitude
322, latitude 13 degrees, 17 or 18 miles in compafs.

Htigh Peters and Mr. Wells, and John Baker returned
into England.

1652.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outJi colony.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Mafjfachu-
fets colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General.

John Cotto7i Teacher oi Boflon Church dyed, a Comet
was feen at the time of his ficknefs hanging over New
England, which went out foon after his death.

[p. 267.] The Spirits that took Children in England,
faid to be fet awork firft by the Parliament, and Hugh
Peters as chief Agent, A6tor or Procurer.

1653-
Oliver Cromwell Ufurped the Title of Prote6lor De-
cember the Sixteenth.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh colony.

Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa-
chufets colony, Mr. John ¥.7zdicot Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbojis major General.

^6 Mr.

202 Joffelyfts Chronological

Mr. Thomas Dudley Governourof the Majjfachufets col-
ony dyed, aged about ^^ years at his houfe at Roxebury,
July 31.

A great fire at ^ojlon in New-England.

1654.

Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
outh colony.

Mr. Vtellingham Governour, Endicot Deputy.

Major General Gibbons dyed this year.

1655-
Mr. William 'Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-

otith colony. Mr. yohfi Endicol Governour of the Majfa-

chufets, Bellingham Deputy.

Jamaica taken by the 'KngliJJi.

1656.

[p. 268.] General Moiintague taketh Spa7iiJJi prizes.

Mr. William 'Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim-
otUh colony, Mr. yoh7t ¥.ndicot Governour of the Maffa-
chufets, Mr. Frajicis Willowby Deputy.

1657.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-P limotith

colony.

Mr. William Bradford now dyed. Mr. Johfi 'Endicol
Governour, Bellingham Deputy.

Mr. Tluophilus Y.aton Governour of New-haven colony
dyed.

Fifth monarchy-men rebell.

The Quakers arrive at new-Plimouth.

1658.

Oliver Cromwell dyed September the third.

Richard Cromwell fet up.

Mr.

Obfervations of America. . 203

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimonth
colony.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the MaJ/acku-
fets, Bellingham Deputy.

A great Earth-quake in New-England.

Mr. Ralph Partrick minifler at Ruxdury now deceafed.

yohn Philips oi MarJJifield flain by thunder and hght-
ning.

1659.

Mr. Thom,as Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimonth
colony.

[p. 269.] Mr. yohn Endicot chofen Governour of the
Majfach2ifets colony.

The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Coun-
trey.

Mr. Henry Dunjler firft Prefident of Harvard Colledge
deceafed.

Richard Cromwel ended May the feventh.

The Rump Parliament December the fix and twentieth
put down.

William Robin/on, Marmaduke Steven/on^ and Mary
Dyer Quakers of Rhod IJland fentenced to fuffer death
by Mr. Johii Y^ndicot Governour of the MaJJacJiufcls col-
ony, which accordingly was executed within a day or two,
the prifoners being guarded by Capt. James Oliver with
200 Souldiers to the place of Execution, where the two
men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gal-
lows and banifhed.

1660.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony.

"John

204 Jojfelyjis Chronological

John Endicot chofen Governour of the MaJ/ac/m/els
colony, Mr. Bellingham Deputy.

James Pierce flain by lightning at nezv-Plimoutk.

May the 29 King Charles the Second returned into
England.

June the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put
upon England by a Brief for [p. 270.] New-'^ngland,
which as it appeared was produced before the King came
in, but not printed (by Mr. Leach in Shoe-lane) till June^
pretending that 18 Turks-men of War the 24 oi January
16^ landed at a Town, called Kingsword (alluding to
Charles-town) three miles from Bojion, kill'd 40, took Mr.
Sims minifter prifoner, wounded him, kill'd his wife and
three of his little children, carried him away with 57
more, burnt the Town, carried them to Argier, their lofs
amounting to 12000 pound, the Turk demanding 8000
pound ranfom to be paid within 7 moneths. Signed by
Thomas Margels, Edward Calamy, William Je7tkin, Wil-
liam Vincent, George Wild, Jofeph Caryl, John Menord,
William Cooper, Thomas Manton Minifters.

Hugh Peters put to death the 16 of OHober.

Thomas Venner a Wine-Cooper hang'd drawn and
quartered Ian. 19.

1661.

The fifth Monarchy-men rife at London.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu-
fets colony, Mr. Bellingham Deputy.

Major Atherton now dyed in New-Y.ngland.

1662.

[p. 271.] Sir Henry Vane beheaded, June the 14.

Mr.

Obfervations of America. 205

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu-
fets colony.

January 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in New-¥.ngland,

6 or 7 times in the fpace of Three days,

1662
1663*

John Baker unduely called Capt. Baker, hang'd at Ti-
burn, December the 1 1 of February.

1663.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimoiith
colony.

Mr. Joh^i 'Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu-
fets colony.

Mr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Tliomas
Leveret major General.

April the fifth Mr. John Norton Teacher at the firit
Church in Bojloji dyed fuddenly.

Mr. Samuel Newman Teacher at Rehoboth in New-
England now dyed.

Mr. Samuel Stone Teacher of Hartford Church in
New-England, now dyed alfo.

Several Earth-quakes this year in New-Ejigland.

[p. 272.] Charles Chancie batchelor of Divinity and
Prefident of Harvard-CoWddi^Q in New-England.

1664.

Mr: Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony.

Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Governour of the MaffacJm-
fets colony, Mr. Francis Willoiuby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Thomas Leveret M2i]Qx General.

May

2o6 Jojfelyns Chronological

May the 20 the Kings CommifTioners arrived in New-
'England, viz. Sir Robert Carr, Colonel Nicols, Colonel
Cartwright and Mx. Samuel Maverick, with whom came
one Mx. Archdale as Agent for Mx. Yerdinando Gorges,
who brought to the Colony in the province of Main, Mr.
F. Gorges order from his i^ajefly Charles the Second, un-
der his manual, and his ^^/ajeflies Letters to the Maffachu-
fets concerning the fame, to be reftored unto the quiet
poffeffion and enjoyment of the faid province in ^ew-
E7igla7id, and the Government thereof, the which during
the civil Wars in England the MaJ/achu/els colony had
ufurpt, and (by help of a Jacobs ftaff ) mofl fliamefully en-
croached upon Mx. Gorges rights and priviledges.

The 29 of Augujl, the Manadaes, called ^ovede Bcl-
gique, or New ^etherla7ids, their chief Town New-^/;^-
fterdam, now called [p. 273.] ^^\M-Yorke, Surrendered up
unto Sir Robert Carr and Colonel Nichols his Majellies
Commiffioners ; thirteen days after in September the Fort
and Town of Arania now called Albajiy ; twelve days
after that, the Fort and Town of Awfapha ; then de la
Ware Caftle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds, the three firft
Forts and Towns being built upon the River Mohegan,
otherwife called Hudfons River.

The whole Bible Tranflated into the Indian-T oxv^w^,
by Mr. John Eliot Senior, was now printed at Cambridge
in ^ew-England.

T>ecember a great and dreadful Comet, or blazing-ftar
appeared in the South-eaft in ^ew-Engla7id for the fpace
of three moneths, which was accompanied with many fad
effe6ls, great mildews blafling in the Countrey the next
Summer.

1665.

Objervations of America. 207

1665.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony.

Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Majfachu-
fets colony, Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mx. Leveret M3.]or General.

Two Comets or blazing-fhars appeared in 4 moneths
time in E7tgland^ December 1664. and \n March following.

Mr. John Endicoi Governour of the Maffachufcis [p.
274.] colony deceafed, March the three and twentieth.

Capt. ^Davenport kilFd with lightning as he lay on his
bed at the Caftle by Bojlon in ^ew-England^ and feveral
wounded.

Wheat exceedingly blalled and mildewed in New-Eng-
land.

A thoufand foot fent this year by the Fre^ich King to
Canada.

Colonel Cartwright in his voyage for Engla^ui was
taken by the T)utch.

The Ifle oi Providence taken by the EngliJJi Buccaneers,
Puerto Rico taken and plundered by the EngliJIi Bucca-
neers and abandoned.

1666.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of the MaffacJiu-
fets colony.

Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf-
fachufets colony, Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Govern-
our, Mr. Leveret major General.

St. Chrijlophers taken by the French.

July the Lord Willowby of Parham caft away in a
Htirricane about the Caribby-IJlands.

The fmall pox at B0JI071 in the Majfachufcts colony.

Three

2o8 Jajfelyns Chronological

Three kill'd in a moment by a blow of Thunder at
MarJJificld m. New-Plimo7ith [p. 275.] colony, and four at
Pafcataway colony, and divers burnt with lightning, a
great whirlwind at the fame time.

This year alfo ^ew-England had caft away and taken
Thirty one Veffels, and fome in 1667.

The mildews and blafting of Corn ftill continued.

1667.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of Y^ew-Plim-
outh colony.

Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf-
fachufets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
and Mr. Leveret major General.

Sir Robert Carr dyed next day after his arrival at Bri/-
tow in England June the firft.

Several voUies of fhot heard difcharged in the Air at
Najitafcot two miles from Bo/ion in the MaJJachu/ets col-
ony.

Mr. ^ohn T)avenport chofen paftor of the Independent
Church at Bojion.

In March there appeared a fign in the Heavens in the
form of a Spear, pointing diredtly to the Wejl.

Sir John Harman defeated the French Fleet at the
Caribbes.

Mr. John Wilfon Paflor of BoJlon Church in the Maf-
fachufets colony 37 years now [p. 276.] dyed, aged 79, he
was Paftor of that Church three years before Mr. Cotton^
twenty years with him, ten years with Mr. Norton^ and
four years after him.

1668.

Mr. Tho7nas Prince chofen Governour of New-Plim-
outh colony.

Mr.

Obfervations of America. 209

Mr. Richard Bclliyigham chofen Governour of the Alaf-
fachiifets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
and Mr. Leveret major General.

Mr. Samtiel Shepherd Paftor of Rowley Church dyed.

April the 27 Mr. He^iry Flint Teacher at Braintry
dyed.

July the Ninth Mn Joiiathan Mitchel Paftor of the
Church at Cambridge dyed, he was born at Halifax in
Yorkefliire in ^ngland^ and was brought up in Harvard'
Colledge at Cambridge in New-E.ngland.

July the Fifteenth, nine of the clock at night an Eclipfe
of the moon, till after Eleven darkned nine digits and
thirty five minutes.

J Illy the Seventeenth a great Sperma Ccsti Whale Fifty
five foot long, thrown up at Winter-harbour by Cafco in
the Province of Main.

April the Third, Fryday an Earthquake in New-'Rng-
land.

1669.

[p. 277.] Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour oi Plim-
outh colony.

Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Leveret major General.

Mr. Oxenbridge chofen Paftor of the Independent
Church at Boflon.

The wonderful burning of the mountain yEt7ia, or Gi-
bella in Cicilia March.

1670.

Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of New-Plim-
OMth colony.

-7 Mr.

2IO yojfclyns Chronological

Mr. Richard Belli^igham chofen Governour of the Maf-
fachn/ets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Leveret major General.

Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour now dyed.

At a place called Kenebunch, which is in the Province
oi Main, not far from the River-fide, a piece of clay ground
was thrown up by a mineral vapour (as was fuppofed) over
the tops of high oaks that grew between it and the River,
into the River, flopping the courfe thereof, and leaving a
hole Forty yards fquare, wherein [p. 278.] were Thoufands
of clay bullets as big as mufquet bullets, and pieces of
clay in fliape like the barrel of a mufquet. The like
accident fell out at Cafco, One and twenty miles from it
to the Eaftward, much about the fame time ; And fifh in
fome ponds in the Countrey thrown up dead upon the
banks, fuppofed likewife to be kill'd with mineral vapours.

A wonderful number of Herrins caffc up on fliore at
high water in Black-point-Harbour in the province of
Maiii, fo that they might have gone half way the leg in
them for a mile together.

Mr. Thatcher chofen Paflor of the Prefbyterian Church
at Bojion.

Mr. Thomas Prince Governour of new Plinwuth col-
ony.

Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf-
fachufets colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General.

Elder Pen now dyed at Bojion, the EngliJJt troubled
much with griping of the guts, and bloudy Flux, of which
feveral dyed.

October the Two and t^ventieth a Ship called the flying

Falcon

Obfervations of America. 211

Falcon of Amjlerdam, arrived at Dover, having been out
fince the firffc of yanuary 1669. and been in the South-
[p. 279.] Seas in the latitude of 50 degrees, having failed
\2<^QO Dutch leagues, the mafter told us he made main
land, and difcovered two Iflands never before difcovered,
where were men all hairy. Eleven foot in height.

1672.

Mr. Richard Bellinghatn chofen Governour of the Maf-
fachufets colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General.

1673.

Mr. Richard Bellingham Governour of the MaJJachu-
fets colony now deceafed.

1674.
Thomas Leveret chofen Governour.
Mr. Simons Deputy Governour.

FINIS.

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Full text of "An account of two voyages to New-England : made during the years 1638, 1663"

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